Vangheath3721

s by inhibition of NF-κB signaling via regulation of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and prevention of apoptosis by suppression of ROS production.

Gouty arthritis (GA) is a common inflammatory disease with pain caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals into joints and surrounding tissues. Resveratrol (Res), derived from grapes and peanuts and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

for GA, acts against oxidation and inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Res on GA.

Arthritis rat models, MSU-induced peritonitis mouse models, and inflammatory models of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) were used in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), JC-1, histopathological, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, Western blot methods were applied to observe the effects of resveratrol on NLRP3 inflammasomes and mitophagy.

Res significantly improves the gait score and synovitis of rats with GA and inhibits the peritoneal inflammation induced by MSU. Res inhibits the MSU-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by reducing the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and Caspase-1 and the pyroptosis of macrophages. In addition, Res raises the level of mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits the expression of P62 and Pink1, enhances the expressions of LC3B-II, Parkin, and TOMM20, and promotes mitophagy, while mitophagy inhibitors reverse the inhibitory effect of Res on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes.

Res significantly improves GA, and the underlying mechanism might be inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by triggering the Pink1/Parkin pathway to promote mitophagy.

Res significantly improves GA, and the underlying mechanism might be inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by triggering the Pink1/Parkin pathway to promote mitophagy.

Exosomes have been reported to mediate activation of the inflammatory response by secretion of inflammasome products such as IL-1β or IL-18 and that changes in exosomes production or secretion may be a therapeutic target for treatment of a variety of different chronic diseases. The present study tested the hypothesis that exosome-mediated release of NLRP3 inflammasome products instigates the inflammatory response in the lung during emphysema, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and that electroacupuncture (EA) may attenuate emphysema by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequent inflammation.

The COPD mice model was developed by injecting porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) via puncture tracheotomy and instillation. EA (4 Hz/20 Hz, 1 to 3 mA) was applied to the bilateral BL13 and ST36 for 30 min, once every other day for 2 weeks. Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed to measure lung function. Histopathological changes in the lungs were displayed by HE stainingion and injury during PPE-induced emphysema and that EA of lung-specific acupoints attenuates inflammasome activation and exosome release, thereby reducing inflammatory response in the lung of mice with emphysema.Angiogenesis, as a process occurring under the regulation of a variety of factors, is one of the important ways of vascular development. It coexists in a variety of pathological and physiological processes. Now a large number of studies have proved that tumor growth, metastasis, and various vascular complications of diabetes are closely related to angiogenesis, and an increasing number of studies have shown that there are many common factors between the two. But angiogenesis is the opposite of the two it is enhanced in tumors and suppressed in diabetes. Therefore, this review discusses the causes of the phenomenon from the expression of various factors affecting angiogenesis in these two diseases and their effects on angiogenesis in the relevant microenvironment, as well as the application status of these factors or cells as therapeutic targets in the treatment of these two diseases.

Recent research suggests the need to assess more ethnic disparities in hypertension (HTN). On the other hand, studies reveal impressive mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases for some race and ethnic groups compared to others.

We referred to a recent study on serum calcium (SC) and insulin resistance associated with HTN incidence to compare different race groups in the latter found relationship. We compare the current study outcomes with those from the Wu et al study.

From 425 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, we found a significant association between race and hypertension; Cramer's V (0.006) = 0.21 when adjusted with non-hypertensives and hypertensives. Mc Auley index (McA) was negatively related to hypertension,

(355) = -0.24,

< 0.0001. SC associated with HTN in all race groups significance persisted only in non-Hispanic Whites after multivariate adjustments



of 74.1 (

= 0.03). McA was a mediator on SC-HTN in non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) (Coef

= 13.25, [CI] = 1.42-32.13), and a moderator in other Hispanics interaction (0.04) = 0.27 and NHW interaction (0.001) = 0.028.

SC was associated with hypertension, similarly to the baseline study. SC and HTN association persisted in NHW compared to other race groups. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was not a mediator on SC-HTN, but with McA, this in NHW only. McA played a moderator role in OH and NHW. We suggest that race is a factor implicated in our findings, which may be investigated further in future research.

SC was associated with hypertension, similarly to the baseline study. SC and HTN association persisted in NHW compared to other race groups. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was not a mediator on SC-HTN, but with McA, this in NHW only. McA played a moderator role in OH and NHW. We suggest that race is a factor implicated in our findings, which may be investigated further in future research.

This study aimed to compare glycemic control and risk of cardiovascular outcomes of metformin-insulin versus metformin-sulfonylurea combination therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study in five tertiary level hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We enrolled 321 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were on continuous treatment follow-up on either metformin-insulin or metformin-sulfonylurea combination therapy. We interviewed the participants and reviewed their medical records to investigate medication efficacy, safety, and adherence. The primary outcome measure was glycemic control and the secondary outcome measures were composite cardiovascular outcomes.

Of the total participants enrolled, 50.5% (n = 162) were those who received metformin-insulin and 49.5% (n = 159) metformin-sulfonylurea combination therapies for a median of 48 months follow-up. The reduction of Hb1Ac levels was comparable between the metformin-insulin (-1.04 ± 0.96%) and metformin-sule treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

High proportion of patients who received metformin-sulfonylurea achieved target HbA1c level and had less composite cardiovascular outcomes compared to those who received metformin-insulin. However, these findings have to be confirmed with randomized control trials to determine risks associated with insulin use, while efficacy is maintained as second-line treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

We conducted decision analytical modeling using a Markov model to determine the ICER of i-factor compared to autograft in ACDF surgery.

The efficacy and safety of traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery has improved with the introduction of new implants and compounds. Cost-effectiveness of these innovations remains an often-overlooked aspect of this effort. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of i-FACTOR compared to autograft for patients undergoing ACDF surgery.

The patient cohort was extracted from a prospective, multicenter randomized control trial (RCT) from twenty-two North American centers. Patients randomly received either autograft (N = 154) or i-Factor (N = 165). We analyzed various real-world scenarios, including inpatient and outpatient surgical settings as well as private versus public insurances. Two primary outcome measures were assessed cost and utility. In the base-case analysis, both health and societal system costs were evaluated. Health-related utility outcome was expressed in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Cost-effectiveness was expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

In all scenarios, i-FACTOR reduced costs within the first year by 1.4% to 2.1%. The savings proved to be incremental over time, increasing to 3.7% over an extrapolated 10 years. The ICER at 90 days was $13,333 per QALY and became negative ("dominated") relative to the control group within one year and onwards. In a threshold sensitivity analysis, the cost of i-FACTOR could theoretically be increased 70-fold and still remain cost-effective.

The novel i-FACTOR is not only cost-effective compared to autograft in ACDF surgery but is the dominant economic strategy.

The novel i-FACTOR is not only cost-effective compared to autograft in ACDF surgery but is the dominant economic strategy.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the most common nosocomial infection and a leading cause of morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, associated factors and antibiogram of the bacterial isolates among CAUTIs patients.

A facility-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2019 at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Clinical and socio-demographic data were obtained using a questionnaire. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and inoculated onto blood agar, MacConkey agar, and cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar (CLED). The inoculated culture media were incubated in an aerobic atmosphere at 37°C for 24 h. After overnight incubation, the bacterial growth on the respective media was inspected visually and graded for the presence of significant bacteriuria. A significant bacteriuria was considered, if pure culture at a concentration of ≥10

colony forming unit (CFU)/mL. All isolates were further identifiedfilm-producing bacterial isolates were the predominant cause of CAUTIs. Therefore, continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns is necessary to help physicians in treatment and management of CAUTIs.

High levels of drug resistance were observed to commonly used antibiotics. In our study, biofilm-producing bacterial isolates were the predominant cause of CAUTIs. Therefore, continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns is necessary to help physicians in treatment and management of CAUTIs.

malaria remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa.

drug resistance mediated by polymorphisms in the

gene contributes to the persistence of the disease on the African continent. This study investigated

infection features and differences in the

genotypes between symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria cases in a rural area in east-central Gabon.

A total of 875 children aged from 5 to 185 months were screened for

infection using Optima-IT

rapid diagnostic tests and standard microscopy.

polymorphisms at codons 86, 184 and 1246 were investigated using PCR-RFLP.

Among the 448

-infected children, 57.08% (n=250) were symptomatic and 42.92% (n=198) were asymptomatic (

< 0.0001). In a sub-set of 79 isolates, the

wild-type N86 was more prevalent in symptomatic (100%) than in asymptomatic infections (70.7%) (

=0.007). The mutant 86Y and mixed 86N/Y genotypes were observed only in asymptomatic infections. The Y184 and 184F genotype prevalences (39.1% vs 19.4% and 60.9% vs 80.