Vancethomson2601

Data generated by the rapidly evolving human biomonitoring (HBM) programmes are providing invaluable opportunities to support and advance regulatory risk assessment and management of chemicals in occupational and environmental health domains. However, heterogeneity across studies, in terms of design, terminology, biomarker nomenclature, and data formats, limits our capacity to compare and integrate data sets retrospectively (reuse). Registration of HBM studies is common for clinical trials; however, the study designs and resulting data collections cannot be traced easily. We argue that an HBM Global Registry Framework (HBM GRF) could be the solution to several of challenges hampering the (re)use of HBM (meta)data. The aim is to develop a global, host-independent HBM registry framework based on the use of harmonised open-access protocol templates from designing, undertaking of an HBM study to the use and possible reuse of the resulting HBM (meta)data. This framework should apply FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Intlatform enhancing communication between scientists, risk assessors, and risk managers/policy makers. The planned European Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC) work along these lines, based on the experience obtained in previous joint European initiatives. Therefore, PARC could very well bring a first demonstration of first essential functionalities within the development of the HBM GRF.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a stress-activated transcription factor, has been documented to induce a defense mechanism against oxidative stress damage, and growing evidence considers this signaling pathway a key pharmacological target for the treatment of liver diseases.

The present review highlights the role of phytochemical compounds in activating Nrf2 and mitigate toxicant-induced stress on liver injury.

A comprehensive search of published articles was carried out to focus on original publications related to Nrf2 activators against liver disease using various literature databases, including the scientific Databases of Science Direct, Web of Science, Pubmed, Google, EMBASE, and Scientific Information (SID).

Nrf2 activators exhibited promising effects in resisting a variety of liver diseases induced by different toxicants in preclinical experiments and in vitro studies by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as an antioxidant defense mechanism. We found that the pne the safety and effectiveness of Nrf2 activators for hepatopathy.

Shaoyao decoction (SYD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription that originated in the Jin-Yuan Dynasty, has shown effects in treating ulcerative colitis. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We combined network pharmacology with molecular biology technology to detect the mechanism underlying the effect of SYD on ulcerative colitis. We combined network pharmacology with molecular biology technology to detected the further mechanism in SYD effect on ulcerative colitis.

In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which SYD exerts a protective effect against ulcerative colitis in vivo and in vitro.

We focused on two aspects of the mechanism by which SYD relieves ulcerative colitis, regulation of the MAPK cascade and the NF-κB signaling pathway, through analysis of the "active ingredient-target-disease" network followed by GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis according to network pharmacology. Mice with ulcerative colitis underwent 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and the RAW 264.7 cell cells incubated with 1mg/ml SYD for 24h possessed the highest cell viability. Next, we incubated 1mg/ml SYD for 24h after treatment with 1µg/ml LPS for 6h. We showed that 1mg/ml SYD displayed anti-inflammatory and anti-necrotic effects through the NLRP3, NF-κB P65 and P38 pathways, and the effects of SYD were also inhibited by 10nM NSC 95397.

These results demonstrate that SYD has protective effects against ulcerative colitis and alleviates pyroptosis by inhibiting the MKP1/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

These results demonstrate that SYD has protective effects against ulcerative colitis and alleviates pyroptosis by inhibiting the MKP1/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

Radix Ginseng, one of the well-known medicinal herbs, has been used in the management of diabetes and its complications for more than 1000 years.

The aim of this review is devoted to summarize the phytochemistry and pharmacokinetics of Ginseng, and provide evidence for the antidiabetic effects of Ginseng and its ingredients as well as the underlying mechanisms involved.

For the purpose of this review, the following databases were consulted the PubMed Database (https//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (http//www.cnki.net), National Science and Technology Library (http//www.nstl.gov.cn/), Wanfang Data (http//www.wanfangdata.com.cn/) and the Web of Science Database (http//apps.webofknowledge.com/).

Ginseng exhibits glucose-lowering effects in different diabetic animal models. In addition, Ginseng may prevent the development of diabetic complications, including liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, atherosclerosis and anagement.

Ginseng may offer an alternative strategy in protection against diabetes and its complications through the regulations of the multi-targets via various signaling pathways. Efforts to understand the underlying mechanisms with strictly-controlled animal models, combined with well-designed clinical trials and pharmacokinetic evaluation, will be important subjects of the further investigations and weigh in translational value of this herb in diabetes management.Thecamoeba astrologa n. sp. was isolated from a plant litter sample. This species has a complex locomotive morphology, to a certain extent intermediate between the striate and the rugose morphotype. The shape of the actively moving cell is similar to that of striate thecamoebians, such as T. quadrilineata. However, in a slow movement, they can be easily confused with rugose species, like T. similis. Thecamoeba astrologa normally has peripheral asterisk-like nucleoli, which are unique among known thecamoebids. However, the structure of the nucleus is unusually variable during the growth of the culture and in some cases may become almost a vesicular one. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene sequence shows that this species belongs to the clade of thecamoebids, consisting of species possessing vesicular nuclei. This finding indicates that the structure of the nucleus derived from a single or few observations (as it usually happens in faunistic or ecological studies) may not be a reliable character of a thecamoebid amoeba. In some species nuclei may be highly polymorphic and dominating nuclear structure may depend on the age of the culture. Nuclei with constantly or temporarily peripheral nucleoli are now known in both major phylogenetic branches of the genus Thecamoeba.

Low-dose CT (LDCT) screening reduces lung cancer specific mortality. Several countries, including the UK, are evaluating the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening using the latest evidence. In this paper we report baseline screening performance from five UK-based lung cancer screening programmes.

Data was collected at baseline from each screening programme. Measures of performance included prevalence of screen detected lung cancer, rate of surveillance imaging for indeterminate findings and surgical resection rates. Screening related harms were assessed by measuring false positive rates, number of invasive tests with associated complications in individuals without lung cancer and benign surgical resection rates.

A total of 11,148 individuals had a baseline LDCT scan during the period of analysis (2011 to 2020). Overall, 84.7% (n=9,440) of baseline LDCT scans were categorised as negative, 11.1% (n=1,239) as indeterminate and 4.2% (n=469) as positive. The prevalence of screen detected les, delivered within or aligned to the National Health Service, compares favourably to published clinical trial data. Reported harms, including false positive and benign surgical resection rates are low. Ongoing monitoring of screening performance is vital to ensure standards are maintained and harms minimised.

Circulating levels of activin A (ActA) and follistatin (FST) have been investigated in various disorders including malignancies. However, to date, their diagnostic and prognostic relevance is largely unknown in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Our aim was to evaluate circulating ActA and FST levels as potential biomarkers in this devastating disease.

Seventy-nine Caucasian SCLC patients and 67 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. Circulating ActA and FST concentrations were measured by ELISA and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and long-term outcomes.

Plasma ActA and FST concentrations were significantly elevated in SCLC patients when compared to healthy volunteers (p<0.0001). Furthermore, extensive-stage SCLC patients had significantly higher circulating ActA levels than those with limited-stage disease (p=0.0179). Circulating FST concentration was not associated with disease stage (p=0.6859). Notably, patients with high (≥548.8pg/ml) plasma ActA concentration exhibited significantly worse median overall survival (OS) compared to those with low (<548.8pg/ml) ActA levels (p=0.0009). Moreover, Cox regression analysis adjusted for clinicopathological parameters revealed that high ActA concentration is an independent predictor of shorter OS (HR 1.932; p=0.023). No significant differences in OS have been observed with regards to plasma FST levels (p=0.1218).

Blood ActA levels are elevated and correlate with disease stage in SCLC patients. Measurement of circulating ActA levels might help in the estimation of prognosis in patients with SCLC.

Blood ActA levels are elevated and correlate with disease stage in SCLC patients. Measurement of circulating ActA levels might help in the estimation of prognosis in patients with SCLC.

Advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NsqNSCLC) progressing at the induction of a first-line of platin-based chemotherapy is a subgroup of patients with poor prognosis and few second-line treatment options.

This single-stage phase II prospective multicenter open-label trial performed in platin-based refractory (i.e. progressing during induction phase of first-line platin-based chemotherapy) advanced NsqNSCLC assessed the efficacy of the nintedanib-docetaxel combination in second-line treatment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 12weeks with a cut-off at 30% for ineffectiveness and 50% for minimal efficacy.

A total of 59 patients from 23 centers were included (mean age, 58.5years; male gender, 73.6%; performance status 0-1, 100%; former/current smokers, 92.5%; adenocarcinoma, 92.5%, median platin-based first-line chemotherapy, 2). Nintedanib-docetaxel combination was administered for a median of 4 cycles. The rate of PFS at 12weeks was 39.6% (95% CI, 28.2-56.8). Median PFS was 2.7 (95% CI, 1.4-4.1) months and one-year PFS was 11.8% (95% CI, 4.8-22.2). Median overall survival (OS) was 6.9 (95% CI, 4.3-8.2) months and 12-month OS was 32.1% (95% CI, 19.8-45.0); 18-month OS was 27.6% (95% CI, 16,1-40.4). Twenty-nine (53.7%) patients reported at least one serious treatment-related adverse events leading to permanent discontinuation of at least one study drug in 12 (22.2%) patients.

The predefined minimal efficacy was not demonstrated. However, a number of NsqNSCLC patients refractory to first-line platin-based chemotherapy appeared to benefit from this combination.

The predefined minimal efficacy was not demonstrated. However, a number of NsqNSCLC patients refractory to first-line platin-based chemotherapy appeared to benefit from this combination.