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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with emotional dysfunction and interpersonal sensitivity. Yet, little work has characterized how BPD features predicts emotional reactivity and emotion regulation behaviors in response to interpersonal stress relative to other forms of stress.

Participants were 152 university students who completed baseline measures of BPD features and complied with two-week daily diary procedures assessing daily emotion regulation strategy use in response to social and non-social stressors.

Generalized estimating equations revealed that BPD features predicted greater negative and positive emotions in response to daily stressors, and interacted with type of stressor in predicting urges and behaviors. Elevated BPD features was associated with greater urges for dysfunctional emotion regulatory behaviors and fewer functional emotion regulatory behaviors to a greater extent in response to social (versus non-social) stressors.

This study was limited by its focus on past-day retrospective recall. Further, the student sample limits the generalizability of these findings.

These findings suggest that individuals with elevated BPD features may have less functional emotion regulation in social contexts.

These findings suggest that individuals with elevated BPD features may have less functional emotion regulation in social contexts.

Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), manifested by alternating episodes of depression and mania, is more likely to relapse than adult BD and develop into chronic BD. Although it can be asymptomatic during the remission of PBD, subtle changes in the brain neural response can still exist. Abnormal activities in the neural circuits of cognitive-emotional regulation have been found in adult BD patients using fMRI. However, few fMRI studies focus on emotional regulation on cognitive function in euthymic PBD, especially during an emotional go/nogo task. Therefore, this study aims to compare differences in the activities of both emotional and cognitive circuits between euthymic BD children and healthy controls.

18 euthymic PBD and 17 healthy subjects from 12 to 17 years of age were enrolled in our study. selleck Simultaneous neural activity was recorded during the overall task and the effect of emotional factors on task performances was assessed.

There were no significant differences in behavioral performances between thuring a task with emotional versus control distractors. These brain regions supporting the cognitive and emotional dysregulation of PBD mainly coincide with the salience and executive control networks. As neural responses are more sensitive than behavioral manifestations in euthymic PBD, our findings will inspire more clinical studies to unveil the characteristic neuromechanism of PBD.Identifying cognitive dysfunction in the early stages of Bipolar Disorder (BD) can allow for early intervention. Previous studies have shown a strong correlation between cognitive dysfunction and number of manic episodes. The objective of this study was to apply machine learning (ML) techniques on a battery of cognitive tests to identify first-episode BD patients (FE-BD). Two cohorts of participants were used for this study. Cohort #1 included 74 chronic BD patients (CHR-BD) and 53 healthy controls (HC), while the Cohort #2 included 37 FE-BD and 18 age- and sex-matched HC. Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). The tests examined domains of visual processing, spatial memory, attention and executive function. We trained an ML model to distinguish between chronic BD patients (CHR-BD) and HC at the individual level. We used linear Support Vector Machines (SVM) and were able to identify individual CHR-BD patients at 77% accuracy. We then applied the model to Cohort #2 (FE-BD patients) and achieved an accuracy of 76% (AUC = 0.77). These results reveal that cognitive impairments may appear in early stages of BD and persist into later stages. This suggests that the same deficits may exist for both CHR-BD and FE-BD. These cognitive deficits may serve as markers for early BD. Our study provides a tool that these early markers can be used for detection of BD.

Emotional dysregulation is commonly discussed as a transdiagnostic factor in clinical populations. The present study aims to investigate cognitive factors (rumination and negative appraisals of emotion) in the maintenance of emotional dysregulation in a normative sample in order to partially validate a cognitive model of emotional dysregulation and to examine the potential clinical relevance of addressing cognitive factors in the treatment of emotional dysregulation.

People who were 18 or older were asked to participate via a university research system and social media. Participants (N=216) were asked to fill out online surveys regarding emotional dysregulation, rumination and negative secondary appraisals of emotion.

People who had higher emotional dysregulation levels displayed a greater tendency to ruminate and were more prone to negative secondary appraisals of emotion. There was a positive association between rumination and negative secondary appraisals of emotion, and this association was mediated by emotional dysregulation.

The present study was solely based on self-report measurements and the collected data were cross-sectional.

The present study showed that a wide spectrum of experiences of emotional dysregulation occurred in a normative sample. The significant mediation highlighted the maintaining role of rumination and negative appraisals in emotional dysregulation. These data highlight the importance of addressing cognitive factors in emotional dysregulation.

The present study showed that a wide spectrum of experiences of emotional dysregulation occurred in a normative sample. The significant mediation highlighted the maintaining role of rumination and negative appraisals in emotional dysregulation. These data highlight the importance of addressing cognitive factors in emotional dysregulation.

Transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients are treated with continued blood transfusions and show a higher prevalence of depression. TDT with consequent iron overload and inflammation is associated with increased severity of depressive symptoms in TDT children.

To construct a pathway-phenotype which combines iron overload and neuro-immune biomarkers with depressive symptom subdomains in TDT children.

We measured iron status parameters (iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation percentage) and inflammatory (interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α) biomarkers in TDT (n=111) and healthy (n=53) children and analyzed the results using machine learning.

Cluster analysis separated TDT children with depression from those without depression and revealed two depressive subgroups one with low self-esteem and another with increased social-irritability scores. Exploratory factor analysis validated four depressive symptom dimensions as reliable constructs, namely key depressive, physiosomatic, lowered self-esteem and social-irritability dimensions.