Valentinechavez2104

Psychotherapeutic consultations of drug addict's patients in a Care, Support and Prevention Center in Addictology led us to propose several hypotheses on the genesis of addiction and its articulation with currently available neurobiological data. FPH1 mw This care center dispenses both pharmacological maintenance medications for heroin dependence, such as methadone or buprenorphine, and psychological support. Our first hypothesis posits that the addictive process is driven by the narcissistic vulnerability of these patients, its neurobiological foundations being mainly mediated by the activation of endogenous opioid systems. Drug use/abuse could be a way to make arise the "True Self," therefore overcoming the defensive system's set up to protect oneself from early traumas. The neurobiological impact of traumas is also developed and articulated with psychodynamic concepts, particularly those of Winnicott. Additionally, functions of addiction such as defensive, anti-depressant roles and emotional regulation are discussed in relationship with their currently known neuroscientific bases. Although the experience in the psychodynamic clinic is at a level of complexity much higher than what is currently accessible to the neurosciences, most of the research in this domain stays in line with our psychological understanding of the addictive process. Finally, we outline some critically sensitive points regarding the therapeutic support.Purpose The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the presence of psychopathic features in BPD is related to dysfunction in executive functions and other neuropsychological functions in these patients. Methods 82 patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and 54 control subjects were studied through clinical and neuropsychological evaluation protocols and the Levenson Psychopathy Inventory. Results BPD patients showed significantly higher scores on both primary (F1) and secondary (F2) global rates of psychopathy, than controls. The results for these patients also showed a statistically significant association between high scores in primary psychopathy and deficits in executive functions. However, no associations were found between the scores of secondary psychopathy and executive dysfunction. Conclusion Primary psychopathic features present in patients with BPD are associated with patterns of executive dysfunction. It would therefore be interesting to investigate the role of cognitive rehabilitation in the empathy dysfunctions within these disorders.Adipose tissue plays key roles in energy homeostasis. Understanding its metabolism and regulation is essential to predict the impact of environmental changes on wildlife health, especially in fasting-adapted species. However, in vivo experimental work in wild vertebrates can be challenging. We have developed a novel in vitro approach of precision-cut adipose tissue slices from northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) as a complementary approach to whole animal models. Blubber biopsies were collected from 14 pups during early and late post-weaning fast (Año Nuevo, CA, United States), precision-cut into 1 mm thick slices and maintained in culture at 37°C for at least 63 h. The slices exhibited an efficient response to ß-adrenergic stimulation, even after 2 days of culture, revealing good in vitro tissue function. The response to lipolytic stimulus did not vary between regions of outer and inner blubber, but was higher at early than at late fast for inner blubber slices. At early fast, lipolysis significantly reduced leptin production. At this stage, inner blubber slices were also more efficient at producing leptin than outer blubber slices, especially in the non-lipolytic condition. This model will aid the study of adipose tissue metabolism and its response to environmental stressors in marine mammals.The amount of tissue between the muscle and surface electromyography (sEMG) electrode influences the sEMG signals. Increased intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) of the hip abductor muscles negatively impacts balance in older individuals, but it is unknown if this is related to the ability to activate the muscles. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the influence of gluteus medius (GM) IMAT on sEMG amplitude during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) of the hip abductors in older adults. We recruited 12 healthy community-dwelling older adults that underwent a spiral computerized tomography scan. High density lean (HDL), IMAT, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SUBFAT) cross-sectional area of the GM were assessed. sEMG signal from the GM was recorded while participants performed an MVIC of the hip abductors. There was a negative correlation between GM activation and IMAT (r = -0.58, P = 0.046), and also SUBFAT (r = -0.78, P = 0.002) and a positive correlation with HDL (r = 0.73, P = 0.006). When controlling for SUBFAT, the partial correlations demonstrated a consistent negative correlation between GM activation and IMAT (r = -0.60, P = 0.050) but no relationship with HDL. The current results are important for helping to interpret the results from sEMG by accounting for IMAT. In conclusion, the neuromuscular activation of the GM may be reduced by the quantity of IMAT.Astrocytic Ca2+ fluctuations associated with functional hyperemia have typically been measured from large cellular compartments such as the soma, the whole arbor and the endfoot. The most prominent Ca2+ event is a large magnitude, delayed signal that follows vasodilation. However, previous work has provided little information about the spatio-temporal properties of such Ca2+ transients or their heterogeneity. Here, using an awake, in vivo two-photon fluorescence-imaging model, we performed detailed profiling of delayed astrocytic Ca2+ signals across astrocytes or within individual astrocyte compartments using small regions of interest next to penetrating arterioles and capillaries along with vasomotor responses to vibrissae stimulation. We demonstrated that while a 5-s air puff that stimulates all whiskers predominantly generated reproducible functional hyperemia in the presence or absence of astrocytic Ca2+ changes, whisker stimulation inconsistently produced astrocytic Ca2+ responses. More importantly, these Ca2+ responses were heterogeneous among subcellular structures of the astrocyte and across different astrocytes that resided within the same field of view.