Urquhartkjeldsen1753

Leishmaniasis is a neglected zoonotic disease that poses significant veterinary and public health risks in developing countries. Dogs act as a reservoir host for leishmaniasis transmitted to humans. A total of 108 human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) were identified in the Al-Houd Al-Marsoud Hospital in Cairo, Egypt, during 2018. Blood samples and skin biopsies were collected for further examination. Blood samples from 96 asymptomatic dogs were collected. All samples were subjected to molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Filgotinib datasheet Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of genes related to mTOR signalling and inflammation in blood and tissue samples. The distribution pattern of human cases pointed to an endemic focus in North Sinai (66.67%). The prevalence of asymptomatic canine leishmaniasis was 66.60%. Histopathological examination of human skin lesions revealed a severe granulomatous inflammatory reaction, necrosis and ulceration. Moreover, leishmanial amastigotes could be detected in human tissue samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 100% identity of human isolates to Leishmania tropica (MN453682), and dog isolates to Leishmania infantum (MN453673), with 94.9% similarity between the two isolates. Gene expression related to mTOR signalling and inflammation in both species' samples confirmed a significant alteration of EIF4EBP1, CCR4 and INF-γ expression compared with control groups. In Egypt, increased incidence of asymptomatic carrier dogs acting as a significant reservoir host for Leishmania poses a public health hazard. Findings warrant further epidemiological investigation of CL in Egypt, as well as additional study of parasite differentiation and gene regulation.Leukocytes play an important role in vascular inflammation prior to atherosclerosis. In particular, monocyte adhesion and migration to the endothelium contribute to the development of vascular inflammation. Previously, we showed the importance of neutrophils and complement C5a in the early phase of vascular inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet. However, the relationship between monocytes and neutrophils is not well understood. In this study, we elucidated the involvement of neutrophils in the migration of monocytes. We observed that C5a induces CCL2 expression in neutrophil-like dHL-60 cells. To investigate the physiological significance of CCL2 secretion, we performed a chemotaxis assay. Interestingly, dHL-60 culture supernatant in the presence of C5a enhanced the migration of THP-1 in comparison with the absence of C5a. Furthermore, CCL2 expression and secretion significantly increased in C5a-stimulated dHL-60 through the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Actin polymerization on THP-1 was enhanced by the presence of C5a compared with the absence of C5a when stimulated by a dHL-60-cultured medium. These results suggest that crosstalk between neutrophils and monocytes via CCL2 may play an important role in vascular inflammation.Medical students' motivation and study strategies are crucial in determining academic performance. This study aimed to assess the motivation and learning strategies of medical students as well as their association with performance in anatomy examinations. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, two focus group discussions and students' current anatomy grade point average (cGPA) were used. Generally, the medical students strongly felt that anatomy is fundamental to the practice of medicine and surgery. This result was consistent with high task value scores of 5.99 ±1.25. They were also driven by extrinsic goal orientation (5.59±1.42) and intrinsic goal orientation (5.08±1.26). Most medical students typically relied on elaboration (5.35 ±1.25) ahead of other cognitive strategies namely rehearsal (5.30 ±1.11), organization (5.15 ±1.34), and lowest-rated critical thinking (4.77 ±1.19). The students also relied on resource management strategies, effort regulation (5.15 ±1.20) and time and study environment regulation (5.03±1.03) more than the moderately scored peer learning (4.95 ±1.50) and help-seeking (4.95 ±1.09). In the focus group discussions, students reported that they often narrate or explain to each other what they would have read and understood from anatomy lectures, tutorials, and textbooks. They also bemoaned lack of institutional support for stress burdens. The motivation and learning strategies subscales were not correlated with anatomy cGPA. Males were driven by extrinsic goals and experienced significantly higher levels of test anxiety than females (P less then 0.05). Knowing the motivation and learning strategies students employ early in the medical curriculum can be leveraged to promote self-directed learning and academic achievement.

To explore aspects of professional identity in nurses' written narratives of what is significant to their choice to remain in the profession.

This study used a qualitative design and was underpinned by a hermeneutical approach.

The participants were recruited via purposive sampling procedures and included 13 nurses aged 26 to 62years. The data were collected in the form of written narratives to initiate the nurses' reflections on the decision to remain in the profession. A thematic analysis was conducted.

The analysis revealed two themes acting as a professional contributor and realigning to maintain professional belongingness. In the nurses' written narratives, these aspects of professional identity were clearly significant to their choice to remain in the profession. In a complexly interwoven way, the aspects constructed who the nurses were as professionals, and thus, professional identity seems to play a critical role in the choice to remain.

The analysis revealed two themes acting as a professional contributor and realigning to maintain professional belongingness. In the nurses' written narratives, these aspects of professional identity were clearly significant to their choice to remain in the profession. In a complexly interwoven way, the aspects constructed who the nurses were as professionals, and thus, professional identity seems to play a critical role in the choice to remain.