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An appropriate clinical history and physical examination of the knee is required when instability is present. Imaging is indicated when testing criteria are positive. Clinicians should be aware that multiple therapies can each serve a role in conservative care to better suit patient demands, especially at high levels of sport. In the article, the author proposes a tailored protocol using vibration rehabilitative exercise, bracing, vibration therapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and laser to improve healing and sport-specific outcomes.

Kappa (κ) light chain multiple myeloma can be disguised as low back pain (LBP), and as such may present to a primary contact provider such as a chiropractor. The rarity and non-specific nature of the clinical presentation of this condition typically lead to a delayed diagnosis.

A 53-year old male avid golfer presented to a chiropractor with a chief complaint of LBP. He was diagnosed with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. His pain was initially improving with chiropractic management. Dovitinib The character of his pain changed, and the chiropractor referred for further imaging. He was subsequently diagnosed with κ light chain multiple myeloma.

This case presentation highlights that spinal malignancy is a possible cause of LBP. It reminds the clinician to investigate signs and symptoms that could lead to a suspicion of malignancy, to monitor patient progression, and consider further evaluations if the expected response to treatment is not achieved.

This case presentation highlights that spinal malignancy is a possible cause of LBP. It reminds the clinician to investigate signs and symptoms that could lead to a suspicion of malignancy, to monitor patient progression, and consider further evaluations if the expected response to treatment is not achieved.

To differentiate running intensity and menstrual phase effects on knee stability before and after exercise.

Ten eumenorrheic aerobically trained females were recruited to determine effects of a randomized crossover design of exercise intensity (85%HRR vs 42.5%HRR) on anterior cruciate ligament laxity (AP

) and hamstrings flexibility (HF). A KT-2000 arthrometer measured AP

and a 90-90 supine knee extension (MKE) and sit-and-reach test (SRD) measured HF in follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) menstrual cycle phases.

Significant difference pre-exercise was observed for both 90N and 120N AP

in LP compared to FP. Exercise increased AP

at 90N and 120N in both FP and LP with LP exhibiting larger changes than FP. MKE and SRD increased significantly following exercise but were not different across menstrual phases or between exercise intensities.

AP

taken together with increased HF post-exercise demonstrates a less stable knee joint in the LP before and following exercise.

APLAX taken together with increased HF post-exercise demonstrates a less stable knee joint in the LP before and following exercise.This case series describes the multi-modal treatment plans delivered by two chiropractic sports specialists for the management of post-concussive symptoms (PCS). Three concussion cases are presented each with different mechanisms of injury (two sportrelated and one non-sport-related) and each within a different stage of recovery (acute, sub-acute, and chronic). Treatment plans included patient education, sub-symptom threshold exercise, soft-tissue therapy, spinal manipulation, and cervical spine as well as visual/vestibular rehabilitation exercises. This series highlights three important observations (1) the efficacy of individualized, multi-modal treatment plans based on suggested clinical profiles for patients with PCS of various stages; (2) that the delineation of concussion literature based on mechanism of injury (i.e. sport- vs. non-sport-related) may be unnecessary; and (3) these cases provide encouraging evidence to support the inclusion of manual therapists with advanced knowledge of concussion treatment, such as chiropractors, as part of the interdisciplinary healthcare team when managing patients with PCS.

To evaluate the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the concussion knowledge assessment tool (CKAT) as a measure of knowledge of concussion and its management among chiropractic subgroups and to compare these properties for two scoring strategies for the CKAT.

Three chiropractic subgroups (first year students, interns and sports chiropractors) completed the CKAT via SurveyMonkey with as second administration two to six weeks later for a subset of respondents. Scatter plots and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were used for test-retest reliability. A priori hypotheses regarding the relationship of CKAT scores across known subgroups, and with concussion knowledge self-rankings were established prior to data collection. Distributions of CKAT scores were compared across the subgroups using boxplots and ANOVA for known groups validity, and correlation of CKAT scores with concussion knowledge self-ranking was examined.

Test-retest ICC for the revised scoring was 0.68 (95%CI 0.51-0.80). First year students had a mean revised CKAT (out of 49) of 36.9 (SD= 4.7), interns 39.9 (SD=3.0) and sports chiropractors 41.8 (SD=3.2) which are significantly different (F

=17.54; p<0.0001).

The CKAT distinguished between chiropractic subgroups expected to have different levels of knowledge, supporting construct validity, however, it did not achieve adequate test-retest reliability.

The CKAT distinguished between chiropractic subgroups expected to have different levels of knowledge, supporting construct validity, however, it did not achieve adequate test-retest reliability.

Whilst half of all Australian chiropractors report often treating athletes, there is insufficient evidence to characterise the sports chiropractor in Australia.

To perform a workforce survey of Sports Chiropractic Australia (SCA) members.

A 74-item web-based questionnaire collected information about practitioner and practice characteristics. Descriptive statistics summarised practitioner and patient characteristics, caseload and management approaches.

SCA members were predominantly male (74%) with 11.3 (±8.4) years of clinical experience. Amateur or semi-professional sportspeople comprised 67% of SCA members' caseload. Athletes were most likely to present with a lower limb musculoskeletal condition (44%), followed by low back pain (34%). Nearly half (43%) of musculoskeletal conditions were co-managed with another healthcare practitioner.

SCA members provided care for people of all sporting abilities, ranging from recreational to elite athletes, but most typically at the non-elite level. SCA members almost exclusively treat musculoskeletal conditions and apply various modalities in the management of athletes and sportspeople.