Ulrichbreum0999

Co-culture of CD206+ cells with DCs showed that IL-12 production was suppressed in DCs concurrent with the decline of the MHC class IIhiCD86+ population, which was restored by neutralization of IL-10. These results demonstrate SLM CD206+ cells show the feature of tolerogenic macrophages and down-regulate the APC function of mature DCs resulting in the inhibition of CD4+ T cell responses. © The Japanese Society for Immunology. 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVES INSM1 has been described as a sensitive and specific neuroendocrine marker. This study aims to compare INSM1 with traditional neuroendocrine markers in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms. METHODS Retrospective review (2008-2018) was used to retrieve paraffin-embedded tissue from 110 gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms and controls that was subsequently stained with INSM1, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, and Ki-67. RESULTS INSM1 was positive in 16 of 17 (94.1%) gastric, 17 of 18 (94.4%) pancreatic, 13 of 18 (72.2%) small bowel, 17 of 21 (81.0%) colonic, and 26 of 36 (72.2%) appendiceal tumors. INSM1 was positive in 58 of 70 (82.9%) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, 17 of 20 (85.0%) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, 8 of 11 (72.7%) low-grade goblet cell adenocarcinomas (grade 1), and 6 of 9 (66.7%) high-grade goblet cell adenocarcinomas (grade 2/3). INSM1 sensitivity for neuroendocrine neoplasms (80.9%) was less than that of synaptophysin (99.1%), chromogranin (88%), and CD56 (95.3%); specificity was higher (95.7% vs 86.0%, 87.3%, and 86.0%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS INSM1 is a useful marker of neuroendocrine differentiation in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine and mixed neuroendocrine neoplasms. Compared with traditional neuroendocrine markers, INSM1 is less sensitive but more specific. © American Society for Clinical Pathology, 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND evidence suggests a reciprocal relationship between cognitive function (CF) and oral health (OH), but no study has demonstrated this inter-relationship in a longitudinal population. OBJECTIVE to investigate the bidirectional relationship between CF and OH in an ageing cohort. DESIGN cohort study. SETTING general community. SUBJECTS participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. METHODS OH, measured by teeth status, self-reported OH and OH-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and CFs were collected at three time points in 2006/07, 2010/11 and 2014/15. Cross-lagged structural equation models were used to investigate the association between CF and OH, adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS 5477 individuals (56.4% women) were included (mean age = 63.1 years at 2006/07, 67.2 at 2010/11 and 70.4 at 2014/15, SD = 8.9) in analyses. The average CF score was 46.5(SD = 12.3) at baseline and 41.2 (SD = 13.4) at follow-up. 3350 (61.2%) participants had natural teeth only and 622 (11.2%) were edentulous. In the fully adjusted model, better cognition at baseline was associated with better OH at follow-up (beta coefficient = 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.03); conversely better OH at baseline predicted better cognition (beta coefficient = 0.12, 95% CI 0.06-0.18). Similar magnitude and direction of the reciprocal association was evident between cognition and OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS This is the first longitudinal study to demonstrate the positive reciprocal association between CF and OH. The findings suggest the importance of maintaining both good CF and OH in old age. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.We conducted a parallel non-blinded randomized trial to assess whether offering home pregnancy tests (HPT) to preconception cohort study participants influenced cohort retention or pregnancy detection. Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) participants were female, aged 21-45 years, attempting pregnancy, and not using fertility treatment. At enrollment (2017-2018), 1,493 participants with ≤6 cycles of attempt time were randomized with 50% probability to receive Clearblue visual HPTs plus the standard protocol (N=720) or the standard protocol (N=773). Women completed bimonthly questionnaires for 12 months or until conception, whichever came first. In intent-to-treat analyses, retention (≥1 follow-ups) was higher in the HPT arm (N=598; 83%) than the standard protocol arm (N=535; 69%) (mean difference=15%, 95% CI 10%, 19%). Mean time at first pregnancy testing was identical in both arms (2 days before expected menses), as was mean gestational weeks at first positive pregnancy test (4 weeks). Conception was reported by 78% in the HPT arm and 75% in the standard protocol arm. Spontaneous abortion was reported by 21% in the HPT arm (mean gestational weeks=7) and 21% in the standard protocol arm (mean gestational weeks=6). Randomization of HPTs was associated with greater cohort retention, but had little impact on incidence or timing of pregnancy detection. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.A study was conducted in Florida to determine sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), injury and infestation levels in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids), D. saccharalis parasitism rates, and ant foraging activity in 32 commercial fields as affected by soil type (shallow organic vs deep organic vs mineral). In 2017 and 2018, each field was sampled four times during the summer for D. saccharalis by inspecting 100 sugarcane stalks and for foraging ants using plastic tubes baited with hot dog at 12 locations. One non-parasitized D. saccharalis larva was collected in 2017 and in 2018 out of 12,100 and 12,600 stalks sampled, respectively. Additional sampling of 50 stalks per field in October showed that 0.6% (2017) and 0.1% (2018) of the sugarcane stalks had bored internodes, and one Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera Braconidae) cocoon mass was observed. Seven ant species foraged in sugarcane fields, including the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, which was the most abundant ant. KI696 mouse Solenopsis invicta was not affected by soil type; however, sugarcane fields on shallow organic soils might represent a more suitable environment.