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We also elaborate on the cellular integration of these different mechanisms and highlight how complex regulation can orchestrate the parallel functioning of a dozen or so different MLOs in the cell. DNA Damage inhibitor © 2020 VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology. The FEBS Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.BACKGROUND The clinical value of novel mapping techniques and strain measures to assess myocardial inflammation in fulminant myocarditis (FM) has not been fully explored. PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of mapping and strain cardiac MRI to assess myocardial inflammation in patients with FM, and to which degree the strain metrics correlate with myocardial edema. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Twenty-nine patients (37 ± 16 years, 48% male) with FM and 29 patients with nonfulminant acute myocarditis (NFAM) (29 ± 14 years, 69% male). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0T; Cine imaging, black blood T2 -weighted imaging, T1 mapping, T2 mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement. ASSESSMENT Native T1 , extracellular volume (ECV), and T2 were measured. Myocardial strain was evaluated by feature tracking. STATISTICAL TESTS Student's t- or Mann-Whitney U-test. Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS The myocardial edema rate (2.6 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2, P  less then  0.001) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) mass (16.5 [11.7, 41.7] vs. 6.9 [2.2, 15.8] g, P  less then  0.001) were significantly increased in FM patients when compared to the NFAM group. LGE in the FM group was predominantly located in the septal wall, and 38% of the patients showed a diffuse LGE pattern. Native T1 , ECV, and T2 values in the FM group were significantly more elevated than those with NFAM, while global peak radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain values were significantly reduced (all P less then  0.001). Circumferential strain showed the strongest correlations with ECV (r = 0.72, P less then  0.001). DATA CONCLUSION Patients with FM showed significant differences in LGE patterns, increased edema, and decreased strain measurements compared to those with NFAM. Circumferential strain showed significant associations with quantitative cardiac MRI parameters of myocardial inflammation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE 2. © 2020 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.Chemokines and galectins are simultaneously upregulated and mediate leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Until now, these effector molecules have been considered to function independently. Here, we tested the hypothesis that they form molecular hybrids. By systematically screening chemokines for their ability to bind galectin-1 and galectin-3, we identified several interacting pairs, such as CXCL12 and galectin-3. Based on NMR and MD studies of the CXCL12/galectin-3 heterodimer, we identified contact sites between CXCL12 β-strand 1 and Gal-3 F-face residues. Mutagenesis of galectin-3 residues involved in heterodimer formation resulted in reduced binding to CXCL12, enabling testing of functional activity comparatively. Galectin-3, but not its mutants, inhibited CXCL12-induced chemotaxis of leukocytes and their recruitment into the mouse peritoneum. Moreover, galectin-3 attenuated CXCL12-stimulated signaling via its receptor CXCR4 in a ternary complex with the chemokine and receptor, consistent with our structural model. This first report of heterodimerization between chemokines and galectins reveals a new type of interaction between inflammatory mediators that can underlie a novel immunoregulatory mechanism in inflammation. Thus, further exploration of the chemokine/galectin interactome is warranted. © 2020 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.BACKGROUND Binge eating disorder (BED) is commonly associated with a history of trauma. Yet, there is little insight into the potential effect that trauma, dissociation, and depressive symptoms may have on the outcome of treatment interventions. METHODS A total of 142 treatment-seeking patients admitted with a diagnosis of DSM-5 BED (88% female; mean age = 38.7; SD = 10.8) took part in a 6-month, protocolized, group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess lifetime traumatic experiences, dissociation, and depression. Body mass index and the number of binges per week (BPW) were measured throughout treatment. The main outcomes were the percentage reduction in BPW and remission (i.e., less than one BPW; cf. DSM-5). RESULTS Most BED patients (91.5%) reported a history of trauma, with two in three patients reporting three or more traumatic experiences. Whereas the number of traumatic experiences was not significantly associated with a reduction in BPW or remission, a higher traumatic impact score significantly decreased the likelihood of obtaining remission at the end of treatment (OR = 0.96; 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]). Higher levels of dissociative symptoms partially mediated this prospective association. CONCLUSIONS The impact of traumatic experiences, as opposed to the number of traumatic experiences experienced, negatively predicts remission after 6 months of CBT. These findings highlight the importance of addressing trauma and dissociative features in the CBT treatment of BED. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.OBJECTIVES CD31hi EMCNhi vessels (CD31, also known as PECAM1 [platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1]; EMCN, endomucin), which are strongly positive for CD31 and endomucin, couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis. However, the role of CD31hi EMCNhi vessels in bone regeneration remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of CD31hi EMCNhi vessels in the process of bone regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used endothelial-specific Krüppel like factor 3 (Klf3) knockout mice and ophiopogonin D treatment to interfere with CD31hi EMCNhi vessel formation. We constructed a bone regeneration model by surgical ablation of the trabecular bone. Immunofluorescence and micro-computed tomography (CT) were used to detect CD31hi EMCNhi vessels and bone formation. RESULTS CD31hi EMCNhi vessels participate in the process of bone regeneration, such that endothelial-specific Klf3 knockout mice showed increased CD31hi EMCNhi vessels and osteoprogenitors in the bone regeneration area, and further accelerated bone formation.