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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent partial to complete upper airway obstructions during sleep, leading to repetitive arousals and oxygen desaturations. Although many OSA biomarkers have been reported individually, only a small subset have been validated through both cross-sectional and intervention studies. Here, we used a highly multiplexed aptamer array (SomaScan) for proteomic analysis of serum samples from 713 individuals in the Stanford Sleep Cohort, a patient-based registry. Outcome measures derived from overnight polysomnography included Obstructive Apnea Hypopnea Index (OAHI), Central Apnea Index (CAI), 2% Oxygen Desaturation index, mean and minimum oxygen saturation indices during sleep. Additionally, a separate intervention-based cohort of 16 individuals was used to assess proteomic profiles pre- and post-intervention with positive airway pressure. After statistical adjustment for age, age of sample, gender and body mass index, OAHI was associated with 65 proteins, predominaions@oup.com.STUDY OBJECTIVES Accumulating evidence suggests a strong association between sleep, amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sought to determine if (1) deficits in rest-activity rhythms and sleep are significant phenotypes in J20 AD mice, (2) metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 inhibitors (mGluR5) could rescue deficits in rest-activity rhythms and sleep, and (3) Aβ levels are responsive to treatment with mGluR5 inhibitors. METHODS Diurnal rest-activity levels were measured by actigraphy and sleep-wake patterns by electroencephalography (EEG), while animals were chronically treated with mGluR5 inhibitors. Behavioral tests were performed, and Aβ levels measured in brain lysates. RESULTS J20 mice exhibited a 4.5 hour delay in the acrophase of activity levels compared to wild type littermates, and spent less time in REM sleep during the second half of the light period. J20 mice also exhibited decreased NREM delta power but increased NREM sigma power. The mGluR5 inhibitor CTEP rescued the REM sleep deficit and improved NREM delta and sigma power but did not correct rest-activity rhythms. No statistically significant differences were observed in Aβ levels, rotarod performance or the passive avoidance task following chronic mGluR5 inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSION J20 mice have disruptions in rest-activity rhythms and reduced homeostatic sleep pressure (reduced NREM delta power). NREM delta power was increased following treatment with an mGluR5 inhibitor. Drug bioavailability was poor. Further work is necessary to determine if mGluR5 is a viable target for treating sleep phenotypes in AD. © Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.CONTEXT The pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) remains to be elucidated. The latest guidelines suggest parathyroidectomy in patients with asymptomatic PHPT with hypercalciuria (>400 mg/day) and increased stone risk profile. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of urinary stone risk factors in patients with asymptomatic sporadic PHPT and its clinical relevance. DESIGN One-hundred fifty-seven consecutive patients with sporadic asymptomatic PHPT were evaluated by measurement of serum and 24-h urinary parameters and kidney ultrasound. RESULTS Urinary parameters were tested in the univariate analysis as continuous and categorical variables. Only hypercalciuria and hypomagnesuria were significantly associated with nephrolithiasis in the univariate and multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, eGFR, PTH, 25OHD, serum calcium, urine volume [OR 2.14 (1.10-4.56); P=0.04; OR 3.06 (1.26-7.43); P=0.013, respectively]. Hypomagnesuria remained associated with nephrolithiasis in the multivariate analysis [OR 6.09 (1.57-23.5), P=0.009], even when the analysis was limited to patients without concomitant hypercalciuria. The urinary calcium/magnesium ratio was also associated with nephrolithiasis (univariate OR 1.62 (1.27-2.08); P=0.001 and multivariate analyses OR 1.74 (1.25-2.42), P=0.001). Hypomagnesuria and urinary calcium/magnesium ratio had a better, but rather low, positive predictive value (PPV) compared with hypercalciuria. CONCLUSIONS Hypomagnesuria, and urinary calcium/magnesium ratio are each associated with silent nephrolithiasis and have potential clinical utility as risk factors, besides hypercalciuria, for kidney stones in asymptomatic PHPT. The other urinary indices that have been commonly thought to be associated with kidney stones in PHPT are not supported by our results. © Endocrine Society 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.The loading and maintenance of centromeric histone 3 (CENH3) at the centromere are critical processes ensuring appropriate kinetochore establishment and equivalent segregation of the homologous chromosomes during cell division. CENH3 loss of function is lethal whereas mutations in the histone fold domain are tolerated and lead to chromosome instability and chromosome elimination in embryos derived from crosses with wild type pollen. A wide range of proteins in yeast and animals has been reported to interact with CENH3. The histone fold domain interacting proteins are potentially alternative targets for the engineering of haploid inducer lines, which may be important when CENH3 mutations are not well supported by a given crop. Here, we provide an overview of the corresponding plant orthologs or functional analogs of CENH3 interacting proteins. We also list putative CENH3 phosphorylation and ubiquitination posttranslational modifications that are also candidate targets for modulating chromosome stability and inheritance. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Discordance between QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) Gold In-Tube and tuberculin skin tests (TST) is not well understood. click here To identify factors that determine discordance between TST and QFT tests when compared to either TST+QFT+ or TST-QFT- results in a medium tuberculosis burden setting. METHODS We conducted a population-based study in Eastern China and administered TST and QFT tests to participants. We calculated kappa values while constructing multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate predictors of test discordance. We analyzed the predictive value of discordant and concordant test results for progression to tuberculosis over 6 years of follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 5,405 participants were enrolled; 2,043 (37.8%) and 1,104 (20.4%) were TST and QFT positive. There was fair agreement between the TST and the QFT (kappa values between 0.30-0.39 at different TST cutoffs). Agreement was lower among BCG-vaccinated participants (κ, 0.17 versus 0.47). TST+QFT- results were associated with decreasing age, smoking, undiagnosed diabetes, and BCG vaccination (adjusted Odds Ratio, 1.