Troelsendowd9229

Arsenic (As) contamination and accumulation in rice is a serious concern causing severe oxidative damage. Melatonin acts as a protective agent in plant defence against multiple abiotic stresses. The mechanism of antioxidant function of melatonin during As stress in rice genotypes is less studied. In this study, hydroponically-grown As-susceptible (Khitish) and As-tolerant (Muktashri) rice cultivars, subjected to 150 µm arsenate stress, were supplemented with exogenously applied melatonin (20 µm) to examine the plant defence mechanism. Melatonin (Mel) increased root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a and b content and activated reducing power and free radical scavenging capacity in both rice cultivars. The role of Mel in the sensitive variety appeared to be more prominent with respect to reduced water saturation deficit by reducing endogenous As and H2 O2 accumulation, and enhancing overall antioxidant capacity by imposing reduced requirement of catalase for ROS detoxification, and restoring As-inhibited activity of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and dehydroascorbate reductase. In contrast, melatonin treatment in the tolerant cultivar required reduced involvement of ascorbate peroxidase to deal with As toxicity, and complemented the stress-mediated inhibition of guaiacol peroxidase activity. Isozyme profiling also established extensive varietal differences with regard to induction of new isoform(s) by Mel during As treatment. This study provides clear insights into mechanistic details of the regulation of antioxidative enzymes by melatonin in contrasting rice genotypes, which may prove helpful in generating As tolerance in susceptible rice varieties grown in marginalized soils, thereby improving crop yield and productivity.

To investigate the effect of a short-term Balint group on the improvement in communication ability and self-efficacy of pre-examination and triage nurses during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Working on the front lines of COVID-19 has brought unprecedented psychological stress on pre-examination and triage nurses. Nurse-patient communication ability and the level of self-efficacy are both significant for nurses' psychosomatic health and work input. However, limited empirical evidence exists regarding nurse-patient communication and self-efficacy and specific psychological intervention effects.

read more -sectional research fulfilling the completed checklist of items that should be included in reports of cross-sectional studies (Appendix S1).

Nurses (n=41) in the first layer of pre-examination and triage were engaged in a Balint group activity twice a week for two weeks. They were assessed with the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) pre- and postintervention, and a nurse-patient communication survey ftical support for the development of early psychological interventions during major epidemic situations.The conserved omega (ω) subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the only nonessential subunit of bacterial RNAP core. The small ω subunit (7 kDa-11.5 kDa) contains three conserved α helices, and helices α2 and α3 contain five fully conserved amino acids of ω. Four conserved amino acids stabilize the correct folding of the ω subunit and one is located in the vicinity of the β' subunit of RNAP. Otherwise ω shows high variation between bacterial taxa, and although the main interaction partner of ω is always β', many interactions are taxon-specific. ω-less strains show pleiotropic phenotypes, and based on in vivo and in vitro results, a few roles for the ω subunits have been described. Interactions of the ω subunit with the β' subunit are important for the RNAP core assembly and integrity. In addition, the ω subunit plays a role in promoter selection, as ω-less RNAP cores recruit fewer primary σ factors and more alternative σ factors than intact RNAP cores in many species. #link# Furthermore, the promoter selection of an ω-less RNAP holoenzyme bearing the primary σ factor seems to differ from that of an intact RNAP holoenzyme.In this work, we report experimental studies on the disinfection of irrigation water using a flow cell assembled with low-cost graphite plates as both anode and cathode. Natural irrigation waters collected from two irrigation locations (Reservoir 225 and Bott Well Pond) in Hawaii were used, and synthetic irrigation waters were prepared based on the chemical analysis of natural irrigation waters. The concentration of chloride was 10.2 mg/L in the synthetic Reservoir 225 water and 6.9 mg/L in the synthetic Bott Well pond water. Escherichia coli K12 ER2738 was selected as a model bacterium to evaluate the disinfection capability of the flow cell. Experiments performed in the synthetic irrigation waters showed that E. coli was inactivated by free chlorine species electro-generated from oxidation of chloride ions at the graphite anode. link2 Complete removal of E. coli was achieved within 10 min in the synthetic irrigation waters. The disinfection of the natural irrigation waters took about four times longer than the disinfection of the synthetic irrigation waters. This result is most likely due to the presence of organic matter (and possibly other oxidizable species) in the natural irrigation waters. PRACTITIONER POINTS Electrochemical flow cell disinfects to 99.9% with commercial graphite electrodes. E. coli is removed in 10 min from synthetic irrigation water by a flow cell. E. coli removal takes 4× longer in natural irrigation water. A minimum current density of ≥1 mA/cm2 is required for disinfection. The primary disinfection mechanism is through chlorine generated from chloride ions.

The current study surveyed nurse practice patterns for performing swallowing screens in an academic cardiac intensive care unit (ICU). It aimed to index training and levels of confidence in conducting dysphagia screens; screening methods employed; timing and frequency of implement; and subsequent plan of care in identified high-risk patients.

Swallowing impairment (dysphagia) is common following cardiac surgery and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early and accurate detection of dysphagia is therefore critical to afford implementation of interventions to optimise patient care. Currently, no validated instruments or guidelines exist for nursing screening of dysphagia in this setting.

An anonymous and voluntary 10-item mixed-methods online survey was conducted using Qualtrics software. Nonprobability purposive sampling was utilised to recruit nurses working in an academic 24-bed cardiac ICU. Thematic analysis using operationally defined coding, SRQR checklist and descriptive statisticsting.

Data highlight a knowledge gap and need for the development of formal education and validated rapid nursing dysphagia screening tools for standardised implementation in the cardiac surgery ICU setting.Ancestral adaptations in crop wild relatives can provide a genetic reservoir for crop improvement. Here we document physiological changes to mild and severe drought stress, and the associated transcriptome dynamics in both wild and cultivated chickpea. Over 60% of transcriptional changes were related to metabolism, indicating that metabolic plasticity is a core and conserved drought response. In addition, changes in RNA processing and protein turnover were predominant in the data, suggestive of broad restructuring of the chickpea proteome in response to drought. While 12% of the drought-responsive transcripts have similar dynamics in cultivated and wild accessions, numerous transcripts had expression patterns unique to particular genotypes, or that distinguished wild from cultivated genotypes and whose divergence may be a consequence of domestication. link3 These and other comparisons provide a transcriptional correlate of previously described species' genetic diversity, with wild accessions well differentiated from each other and from cultivars, and cultivars essentially indistinguishable at the broad transcriptome level. We identified metabolic pathways such as phenylpropanoid metabolism, and biological processes such as stomatal development, which are differentially regulated across genotypes with potential consequences on drought tolerance. These data indicate that wild Cicer reticulatum may provide both conserved and divergent mechanisms as a resource in breeding for drought tolerance in cultivated chickpea.Quinoline derivatives are attracting considerable interest due to their biological importance. In this paper, several 2-amino-4-aryl-6-(quinolin-2-ylthio)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives are synthesized by adopting a one-pot reaction of quinoline-2-thione, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile in the presence of sodium hydroxide in absolute ethanol. The structures of these newly synthesized compounds were determined using different spectroscopic techniques, including elemental analyses, IR, 1 H NMR, and MS. The synthesized derivatives were screened for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Compounds 4a, 4b, 4d, and 4e exhibited promising antimicrobial activity compared to antibacterial and antifungal standard drugs. Additionally, 4f, 4d, and 4g showed potent cytotoxic activity against both MCF-7 and A549 cells with IC50 values (6.39-9.3 μM). Our molecular docking results of compound 4f prove good binding affinity toward the three tested proteins as Jak2/STATA3 inhibition and are in accordance with the RT-PCR mRNA expressions of the compound against MCF-7 cells which downregulated the Jak2 and STAT3 genes, and this may be the proposed mode of action for anti-breast cancer activity.

Surgical site infection (SSI) is the commonest postoperative complication worldwide, representing a major burden for patients and health systems. Rates of SSI are significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) but there is little high-quality evidence on interventions to prevent SSI in LMICs.

FALCON is a pragmatic, multicentre, 2x2 factorial, stratified randomized controlled trial, with an internal feasibility study, which will address the need for evidence on measures to reduce rates of SSI in patients in LMICs undergoing abdominal surgery. To assess whether either (1) 2% alcoholic chlorhexidine versus 10% povidone-iodine for skin preparation, or (2) triclosan-coated suture versus non-coated suture for fascial closure, can reduce surgical site infection at 30-days post-surgery for each of (1) clean-contaminated and (2) contaminated/dirty surgery. Patients with predicted clean-contaminated or contaminated/dirty wounds with abdominal skin incision ≥5cm will be randomized 1111 between (1) 2% alcoholic chlorhexidine and noncoated suture, (2) 2% alcoholic chlorhexidine and triclosan-coated suture, (3) 10% aqueous povidone-iodine and noncoated suture and (4) 10% aqueous povidone-iodine and triclosan-coated suture. The two strata (clean-contaminated versus contaminated/dirty wounds) are separately powered. Overall, FALCON aims to recruit 5480 patients. The primary outcome is SSI at 30days, based on the Centers for Disease Control definition of SSI.

FALCON will deliver high-quality evidence that is generalizable across a range of LMIC settings. It will influence revisions to international clinical guidelines, ensuring the global dissemination of its findings.

FALCON will deliver high-quality evidence that is generalizable across a range of LMIC settings. It will influence revisions to international clinical guidelines, ensuring the global dissemination of its findings.