Torplarsson0691

Radiation-induced central nervous system toxicity is a significant risk factor for patients receiving cancer radiotherapy. Surprisingly, the mechanisms responsible for the DNA damage-triggered neuronal cell death following irradiation have yet to be deciphered. Using primary cortical neuronal cultures in vitro, we demonstrated that X-ray exposure induces the mitochondrial pathway of intrinsic apoptosis and that miR-23a-3p plays a significant role in the regulation of this process. Primary cortical neurons exposed to irradiation show the activation of DNA-damage response pathways, including the sequential phosphorylation of ATM kinase, histone H2AX, and p53. This is followed by the p53-dependent up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family molecules, including the BH3-only molecules PUMA, Noxa, and Bim, leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and the release of cytochrome c, which activates caspase-dependent apoptosis. miR-23a-3p, a negative regulator of specific pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 frradiated brain. Overall, our data suggest that miR-23a-3p down-regulation contributes to irradiation-induced intrinsic pathways of neuronal apoptosis. These regulated pathways of neurodegeneration may be the target of effective neuroprotective strategies using miR-23a-3p mimics to block their development and increase neuronal survival after irradiation.Objectives The prevalence of elbow joint arthritis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) assessed by ultrasound has not yet been investigated. Methods We investigated 102 patients with RA and 50 patients without rheumatological disease. Both elbow joints were examined by ultrasound for effusion, hypervascularization, and enthesitis. A clinical examination was performed, and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), and visual analog scale for pain (VASp) were recorded. Arthritis was defined as joint effusion (≥grade II) and synovial hyperperfusion. Results The RA cohort versus the control group displayed a joint effusion in 54.9% vs. 6.9%, a hypervascularization in 6.8% vs. Selleckchem Zotatifin 0%. Arthritis was detected in 36 RA patients (35.29%) and no one in the control group. Four (3.8%) RA patients and one (1%) control displayed enthesitis. The RA cohort showed a significant correlation between movement restriction and joint effusion (p-value = 0.001) as well as DAS28 (p-value = 0.02) and between DAS28 and ultrasound detected arthritis (p-value = 0.022). In an overall analysis, a highly significant correlation of VASp with movement restriction (MR) (p-value ≤ 0.001), the presence of joint effusion (p-value ≤ 0.001), and the diagnosis of RA (p-value ≤ 0.001) were observed. Interrater analysis of ultrasound imaging showed good agreement with Cohen's kappa of 0.896. Conclusion The prevalence of elbow arthritis in RA seems to be high, with 35.29%. Movement restriction is a good indicator, but not in all RA patients (32 vs. 70 patients without MR) compared to the control group (5 vs. 45 patients without MR). Reported pain correlates with joint effusion and MR (p-value ≤ 0.001).Sustainable use of nanotechnology in crop protection requires an understanding of the plant's life cycle, potential toxicological impacts of nanomaterials and their mechanism of action against the target pathogens. Herein, we show some properties of a candidate antifungal nanocomposite made from copper oxide (CuO; otherwise an essential soil nutrient) nanoparticles (NPs), with definite size and shape, decorating the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. The successful preparation of the rGO-CuO NPs was confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopic analyses, and its antifungal activity against wild strains of Fusarium oxysporum affecting tomato and pepper plants was successfully confirmed. A comparative analysis in vitro indicated that this nanocomposite had higher antifungal activity at only 1 mg/L than the conventional fungicide Kocide 2000 at 2.5 g/L. Further investigation suggested that rGO-CuO NPs creates pits and pores on the fungal cell membranes inducing cell death. In planta results indicated that only 1 mg/L from the nanocomposite is required to reduce Fusarium wilt and root rot diseases severity below 5% for tomato and pepper plants without any phytotoxicity for about 70 days. Comparatively, 2.5 g/L of Kocide 2000 are required to achieve about 30% disease reduction in both plants. The present study contributes to the concept of agro-nanotechnology, showing the properties of a novel ecofriendly and economic nanopesticide for sustainable plant protection.Cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and other forms of dementia are increasing in prevalence worldwide, while global dietary patterns are transitioning to a 'western type' with increasing meat consumption. Studies which have explored the associations between cognitive function and meat intakes have produced inconsistent findings. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the evidence linking meat intake with cognitive disorders. Twenty-nine studies were retrieved, including twelve cohort, three case-control, thirteen cross-sectional studies, and one intervention study. The majority (21/29) showed that meat consumption was not significantly associated with cognitive function or disorders. Meta-analysis of five studies showed no significant differences in meat consumption between cases with cognitive disorders and controls (standardized mean difference = -0.32, 95% CI -1.01, 0.36); however, there was considerable heterogeneity. In contrast, a meta-analysis of five studies showed reduced odds of cognitive disorders by consuming meat weekly or more (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.57, 0.88); however, potential publication bias was noted in relation to this finding. Overall, there was no strong association between meat intake and cognitive disorders. However, the evidence base was limited, requiring more studies of high quality to isolate the specific effect of meat consumption from dietary patterns to confirm these associations.Congenital myopathies (CMs) constitute a group of heterogenous rare inherited muscle diseases with different incidences. They are traditionally grouped based on characteristic histopathological findings revealed on muscle biopsy. In recent decades, the ever-increasing application of modern genetic technologies has not just improved our understanding of their pathophysiology, but also expanded their phenotypic spectrum and contributed to a more genetically based approach for their classification. Later onset forms of CMs are increasingly recognised. They are often considered milder with slower progression, variable clinical presentations and different modes of inheritance. We reviewed the key features and genetic basis of late onset CMs with a special emphasis on those forms that may first manifest in adulthood.