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Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to provide new therapeutic options that can improve survival. Sphingomyelin nanosystems (SNs) are a promising type of nanocarriers with potential for association of different types of drugs and, thus, for the development of combination treatments. In this work we propose the chemical modification of uroguanylin, a natural ligand for the Guanylyl Cyclase (GCC) receptor, expressed in metastatic colorectal cancer tumors, to favour its anchoring to SNs (UroGm-SNs). The anti-cancer drug etoposide (Etp) was additionally encapsulated for the development of a combination strategy (UroGm-Etp-SNs). Results from in vitro studies showed that UroGm-Etp-SNs can interact with colorectal cancer cells that express the GCC receptor and mediate an antiproliferative response, which is more remarkable for the drugs in combination. The potential of UroGm-Etp-SNs to treat metastatic colorectal cancer cells was complemented with an in vivo experiment in a xenograft mice model.The Liyuan courtyard buildings are considered as contemporary architectural symbols of the spirit in Qingdao, China. The sustainability potentials embodied in the building is evaluated by building performance simulations analysis based on field investigation in this case study. Two models with optimization refurbishment were made through building simulation software. One model with façade supplemented in the insulation layers of the envelope walls and the other model with further upgrade with consideration of recycling materials mixed were discussed and estimated with building performance simulation method. The energy performance in the building and both scenarios designed can improve the energy efficiency, while the advanced model could achieve better result in the building energy behavior dramatically. Technologies innovation are proved to be good tools to improve energy performance the existing buildings by renovation actions such as insulation improvement and so on. It is concluded the sustainability regain its authentic appearance while achieve energy efficiency embodied within contemporary buildings through adaptational renovation strategies. Multicriteria considerations might influence the balanced between different factors when making decisions in the building restoration project, it is also expected to empower the fresh glory in the development of building protection and restoration.Nanoparticles have been claimed to contribute efficiently to e.g. the mechanical strength of composite materials when present as individual particles. However, these particles tend to aggregate. In this paper we prepare nanocrystals from chitin, a product with high potential added value for application in bio-based materials, and investigate the effect of ultrasound on de-aggregation. Chitin nanocrystals with a length ~ 200 nm and a diameter ~ 15 nm, were obtained via acid hydrolysis of crude chitin powder. Freeze drying resulted in severe aggregation and after redispersion sizes up to ~ 200 µm were found. Ultrasound treatment was applied and break up behaviour was investigated using static light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and laser diffraction. Our results suggest that the cumulative energy input was the dominant factor for chitin nanocrystal aggregate breakup. When a critical energy barrier of ~ 100 kJ/g chitin nanocrystals was exceeded, the chitin nanocrystal aggregates broke down to nanometre range. The break up was mostly a result of fragmentation the aggregation energy of chitin nanocrystal aggregates was quantified to be ~ 370 kJ/g chitin nanocrystals and we hypothesize that mainly van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds are responsible for aggregation.Five years of datasets from 2015 to 2019 of whole genome shotgun sequencing for cells trapped on 0.2-µm filters of seawater collected monthly from Ofunato Bay, an enclosed bay in Japan, were analysed, which included the 2015 data that we had reported previously. Nucleotide sequences were determined for extracted DNA from three locations for both the upper (1 m) and deeper (8 or 10 m) depths. The biotic communities analysed at the domain level comprised bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea and viruses. The relative abundance of bacteria was over 60% in most months for the five years. The relative abundance of the SAR86 cluster was highest in the bacterial group, followed by Candidatus Pelagibacter and Planktomarina. The relative abundance of Ca. Pelagibacter showed no relationship with environmental factors, and those of SAR86 and Planktomarina showed positive correlations with salinity and dissolved oxygen, respectively. The bacterial community diversity showed seasonal changes, with high diversity around September and low diversity around January for all five years. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis also revealed that the bacterial communities in the bay were grouped in a season-dependent manner and linked with environmental variables such as seawater temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen.According to theories of Embodied Cognition, memory for words is related to sensorimotor experiences collected during learning. At a neural level, words encoded with self-performed gestures are represented in distributed sensorimotor networks that resonate during word recognition. Here, we ask whether muscles involved in gesture execution also resonate during word recognition. Native German speakers encoded words by reading them (baseline condition) or by reading them in tandem with picture observation, gesture observation, or gesture observation and execution. Surface electromyogram (EMG) activity from both arms was recorded during the word recognition task and responses were detected using eye-tracking. The recognition of words encoded with self-performed gestures coincided with an increase in arm muscle EMG activity compared to the recognition of words learned under other conditions. Akt inhibitor This finding suggests that sensorimotor networks resonate into the periphery and provides new evidence for a strongly embodied view of recognition memory.To improve coastal adaptation and management, it is critical to better understand and predict the characteristics of sea levels. Here, we explore the capabilities of artificial intelligence, from four deep learning methods to predict the surge component of sea-level variability based on local atmospheric conditions. We use an Artificial Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory layer (LSTM) and a combination of the latter two (ConvLSTM), to construct ensembles of Neural Network (NN) models at 736 tide stations globally. The NN models show similar patterns of performance, with much higher skill in the mid-latitudes. Using our global model settings, the LSTM generally outperforms the other NN models. Furthermore, for 15 stations we assess the influence of adding complexity more predictor variables. This generally improves model performance but leads to substantial increases in computation time. The improvement in performance remains insufficient to fully capture observed dynamics in some regions. For example, in the tropics only modelling surges is insufficient to capture intra-annual sea level variability. While we focus on minimising mean absolute error for the full time series, the NN models presented here could be adapted for use in forecasting extreme sea levels or emergency response.Cattle vary in their susceptibility to infection and immunopathology, but our ability to measure and longitudinally profile immune response variation is limited by the lack of standardized immune phenotyping assays for high-throughput analysis. Here we report longitudinal innate immune response profiles in cattle using a low-blood volume, whole blood stimulation system-the ImmunoChek (IChek) assay. By minimizing cell manipulation, our standardized system minimizes the potential for artefactual results and enables repeatable temporal comparative analysis in cattle. IChek successfully captured biological variation in innate cytokine (IL-1β and IL-6) and chemokine (IL-8) responses to 24-hr stimulation with either Gram-negative (LPS), Gram-positive (PamCSK4) bacterial or viral (R848) pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) across a 4-month time window. Significant and repeatable patterns of inter-individual variation in cytokine and chemokine responses, as well as consistent high innate immune responder individuals were identified at both baseline and induced levels. Correlation coefficients between immune response read-outs (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) varied according to PAMP. Strong significant positive correlations were observed between circulating monocytes and IL-6 levels for null and induced responses (0.49-0.61) and between neutrophils and cytokine responses to R848 (0.38-0.47). The standardized assay facilitates high-throughput bovine innate immune response profiling to identify phenotypes associated with disease susceptibility and responses to vaccination.Rehabilitation centres help injured animals to recover and return back to the wild. This study aimed to analyse trends in intake and outcomes for the common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) admitted into rehabilitation centres in the Czech Republic. From 2010 to 2019, a total of 12,923 kestrels were admitted to 34 rehabilitation centres with an increasing trend (rSp = 0.7697, P  less then  0.01) being found during the monitored period. Subadult kestrels (34.70%) and kestrels injured by power lines (26.57%) were most often admitted. Most kestrels in the rehabilitation centres died or had to be euthanized (81.66%), only 15.90% of the birds could be released back into the wild. The median length of stay in rehabilitation centres for kestrels that were subsequently released was 35 days. Considering survival rates, the most critical threat to kestrels was poisoning (100% of the cases resulted in death) but mortality of the kestrels admitted for most other reasons also exceeded 80%. Given the low success rate of the care of kestrels in rehabilitation centres and the relatively small proportion returned to the wild, it is essential to eliminate the causes leading to their admission, that is, to protect their natural habitats and to prevent unnecessary capture.There have been various studies on the effects of emotional visual processing on subsequent non-emotional auditory stimuli. A previous study with EEG has shown that responses to deviant sounds presented after presenting negative pictures collected more attentional resources than those for neutral pictures. To investigate such a compelling between emotional and cognitive processing, this study aimed to examined pupillary responses to an auditory stimulus after a positive, negative, or neutral emotional state was elicited by an emotional image. An emotional image was followed by a beep sound that was either repetitive or unexpected, and the pupillary dilation was measured. As a result, we found that the early component of the pupillary response to the beep sound was larger for negative and positive emotional states than the neutral emotional state, whereas the late component was larger for the positive emotional state than the negative and neutral emotional states. In addition, the peak latency of the pupillary response was earlier for negative than neutral or positive images.