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Therefore, our study demonstrated a novel role played by XBP1 in modulating the viability of liver cancer cells via the Mst1-JNK-mROS pathways. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy leading to exceptional success. However, there is still the need to improve their efficacy in non-responder patients. Natural Killer (NK) cells represent the first line of defence against tumours, due to their ability to release immunomodulatory cytokines and kill target cells that have undergone malignant transformation. Harnessing NK cell response will open new possibilities to improve tumour growth control, and indeed inhibitory checkpoints expressed on these innate lymphocytes represent a promising target for the next-generation immunotherapy. In this review, we will summarize recent evidences on the expression of NK cells receptors in the cancer setting, with a focus on the inhibitory checkpoint Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). We will also highlight the strength and limitations of the blockade of PD-1 inhibitory pathway, and suggest new combination strategies that may help to unleash more efficiently NK cell antitumour response. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Although developing a cultural identity is a core task for adolescents from immigrant families and the school is a highly important context in adolescence, to date, few studies have examined whether adolescents with particular cultural identities cluster in certain school contexts. Using data from a representative German sample including 7702 secondary school students of immigrant background from 1643 classrooms, we examined how the attended school track and four aspects of ethnic classroom composition relate to adolescents' cultural identity (i.e., their ethnic identity and mainstream identity). Two-level structural equation models indicated that students' ethnic identity was not systematically associated with the attended school track and the ethnic composition of the classroom. However, attending the academic school track, a classroom with a low proportion of classmates with immigrant background and frequently using German with classmates related positively to mainstream identity. Ethnic diversity and proportion of co-ethnics in class did not relate to mainstream identification. Our findings suggest that the ethnic identity of adolescents with an immigrant background in Germany is largely independent from the different socialisation contexts related to school tracks and the ethnic classroom composition. Yet, students' with a strong mainstream identity cluster in certain school contexts. © 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Union of Psychological Science.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is the chronic destructive disease of the periodontium, which causes severe inflammation in the tissues. Cinnamic acid as an unsaturated carboxylic acid might prevent inflammation and periodontal destruction. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of cinnamic acid in two different forms as free cinnamic acid and cinnamic acid liposome on experimental periodontitis in Wistar rats. METHODS Thirty-two female rats were used in the present study. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bms-986158.html Four main groups were created as follows C control group; P periodontitis group; C-P free cinnamic acid-administered periodontitis group; and CL-P cinnamic acid liposome applied group. Periodontitis was induced via ligating 4-0 silk sutures around lower first molar teeth on both right and left mandibles. The study duration was 30 days, and the ligatures were removed from half of the rats in the periodontitis-induced groups. The other half carried the ligatures throughout 30 days, and all rats were euthanized at 30th day. Mane periodontitis group, and cinnamic acid decreased these levels but not to a significant level except for the cinnamic acid liposome ligature removal group, which had significantly lower values in the PPAR-γ and COX-2. OPG levels were lower in the periodontitis group compared to the other groups. Cinnamic acid significantly decreased RANKL and increased OPG levels. CONCLUSION Periodontitis caused increased inflammation and bone destruction accompanied by increased PPAR-γ, COX-2, and RANKL levels and osteoclast counts. Cinnamic acid decreased osteoclast counts and inflammation and increased osteoblast counts and OPG expression in the present animal model of periodontitis. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Slo3 potassium channel, which is specifically expressed in the testis and sperm, is essential for mammalian male fertilization. The sequence divergence of the bovine, mouse, and human Slo3 α-subunit revealed a rapid evolution rate across different species. The rat Slo3 (rSlo3) channel has not been cloned and characterized previously. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used molecular cloning, electrophysiology (inside-out patches and outside-out patches), and mutagenesis to investigate the biophysical properties and pharmacological characteristics of the rSlo3 channel. KEY RESULTS The rat Slo3 channel (rSlo3) is gated by voltage and cytosolic pH rather than intracellular calcium. The characteristics of voltage-dependence, pH-sensitivity, and activation kinetics of the rSlo3 channel differ from the characteristics of other Slo3 orthologues. In terms of pharmacology, the 4-AP blockade of the rSlo3 channel also shows properties distinct from its blockade of the mSlo3 channel. Iberiotoxin and progesterone weakly inhibit the rSlo3 channel. Finally, we found that propofol, one of the widely used general anaesthetics, blocks the rSlo3 channel from both intracellular and extracellular sides, whereas ketamine only blocks the rSlo3 channel at the extracellular side. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that the rSlo3 channel possesses unique biophysical and pharmacological properties. Our results provide new insights into the diversities of the Slo3 family of channels, which are valuable for estimating the effects of the use of these drugs to improve sperm quality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.