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We study renormalization group flows in a space of observables computed by Monte Carlo simulations. As an example, we consider three-dimensional clock models, i.e., the XY spin model perturbed by a Z_q symmetric anisotropy field. For q=4, 5, 6, a scaling function with two relevant arguments describes all stages of the complex renormalization flow at the critical point and in the ordered phase, including the crossover from the U(1) Nambu-Goldstone fixed point to the ultimate Z_q symmetry-breaking fixed point. We expect our method to be useful in the context of quantum-critical points with inherent dangerously irrelevant operators that cannot be tuned away microscopically but whose renormalization flows can be analyzed as we do here for the clock models.We introduce a fast spatial point pattern analysis technique that is suitable for systems of many identical particles giving rise to multiparticle correlations up to arbitrary order. Selleck Piperlongumine The obtained correlation parameters allow us to quantify the quality of mean field assumptions or theories that incorporate correlations of limited order. link2 We study the Vicsek model of self-propelled particles and create a correlation map marking the required correlation order for each point in phase space incorporating up to ten-particle correlations. We find that multiparticle correlations are important even in a large part of the disordered phase. Furthermore, the two-particle correlation parameter serves as an excellent order parameter to locate both phase transitions of the system, whereas two different order parameters were required before.The discontinuity of a spin-current through an interface caused by spin-orbit coupling is characterized by the spin memory loss (SML) parameter δ. We use first-principles scattering theory and a recently developed local current scheme to study the SML for Au|Pt, Au|Pd, Py|Pt, and Co|Pt interfaces. We find a minimal temperature dependence for nonmagnetic interfaces and a strong dependence for interfaces involving ferromagnets that we attribute to the spin disorder. The SML is larger for Co|Pt than for Py|Pt because the interface is more abrupt. Lattice mismatch and interface alloying strongly enhance the SML that is larger for a Au|Pt than for a Au|Pd interface. The effect of the proximity-induced magnetization of Pt is negligible.A unique feature of non-Hermitian systems is the skin effect, which is the extreme sensitivity to the boundary conditions. Here, we reveal that the skin effect originates from intrinsic non-Hermitian topology. Such a topological origin not merely explains the universal feature of the known skin effect, but also leads to new types of the skin effects-symmetry-protected skin effects. In particular, we discover the Z_2 skin effect protected by time-reversal symmetry. On the basis of topological classification, we also discuss possible other skin effects in arbitrary dimensions. Our work provides a unified understanding about the bulk-boundary correspondence and the skin effects in non-Hermitian systems.Motivated by the recently observed intriguing mode splittings in a magnetic field with inelastic neutron scattering in the spin ladder compound (C_5H_12N)_2CuBr_4 (BPCB), we investigate the nature of the spin ladder excitations using a density matrix renormalization group and analytical arguments. Starting from the fully frustrated ladder, for which we derive the low-energy spectrum, we show that bound states are generically present close to k=0 in the dynamical structure factor of spin ladders above H_c1, and that they are characterized by a field-independent binding energy and an intensity that grows with H-H_c1. These predictions are shown to explain quantitatively the split modes observed in BPCB.The existence of ideal quantum measurements is one of the fundamental predictions of quantum mechanics. Selleck Piperlongumine In theory, an ideal measurement projects a quantum state onto the eigenbasis of the measurement observable, while preserving coherences between eigenstates that have the same eigenvalue. The question arises whether there are processes in nature that correspond to such ideal quantum measurements and how such processes are dynamically implemented in nature. Here we address this question and present experimental results monitoring the dynamics of a naturally occurring measurement process the coupling of a trapped ion qutrit to the photon environment. By taking tomographic snapshots during the detection process, we show that the process develops in agreement with the model of an ideal quantum measurement with an average fidelity of 94%.Terrestrial experiments on active particles, such as Volvox, involve gravitational forces, torques and accompanying monopolar fluid flows. Taking these into account, we analyze the dynamics of a pair of self-propelling, self-spinning active particles between widely separated parallel planes. Neglecting flow reflected by the planes, the dynamics of orientation and horizontal separation is symplectic, with a Hamiltonian exactly determining limit cycle oscillations. Near the bottom plane, gravitational torque damps and reflected flow excites this oscillator, sustaining a second limit cycle that can be perturbatively related to the first. Our work provides a theory for dancing Volvox and highlights the importance of monopolar flow in active matter.We consider a model for driven particulate matter in which absorbing states can be reached both by particle isolation and by particle caging. The model predicts a nonequilibrium phase diagram in which analogs of hydrodynamic and elastic reversibility emerge at low and high volume fractions respectively, partially separated by a diffusive, nonabsorbing region. We thus find a single phase boundary that spans the onset of chaos in sheared suspensions to the onset of yielding in jammed packings. Selleck Piperlongumine This boundary has the properties of a nonequilibrium second order phase transition, leading us to write a Manna-like mean field description that captures the model predictions. Dependent on contact details, jamming marks either a direct transition between the two absorbing states, or occurs within the diffusive region.To gain insight into the kinetics of colloidal gel evolution at low particle volume fractions ϕ, we utilize differential dynamic microscopy to investigate particle aggregation, geometric percolation, and the subsequent transition to nonergodic dynamics. We report the emergence of unexpectedly rich multiscale dynamics upon the onset of nonergodicity, which separates the wave vectors q into three different regimes. In the high-q domain, the gel exhibits ϕ-independent internal vibrations of fractal clusters. link2 The intermediate-q domain is dominated by density fluctuations at the length scale of the clusters, as evidenced by the q independence of the relaxation time τ. In the low-q domain, the scaling of τ as q^-3 suggests that the network appears homogeneous. The transitions between these three regimes introduce two characteristic length scales, distinct from the cluster size.In this Letter we study an infinite extension of the Galilei symmetry group in any dimension that can be thought of as a nonrelativistic or post-Galilean expansion of the Poincaré symmetry. We find an infinite-dimensional vector space on which this generalized Galilei group acts and usual Minkowski space can be modeled by our construction. We also construct particle and string actions that are invariant under these transformations.The fundamental principles of electrodynamics allow an electron carrying both electric monopole (charge) and magnetic dipole (spin) but prohibit its magnetic counterpart. Recently, it was predicted that the magnetic "monopoles" carrying emergent magnetic charges in spin ice systems can induce electric dipoles. The inspiring prediction offers a novel way to study magnetic monopole excitations and magnetoelectric coupling. However, no clear example has been identified up to now. Here, we report the experimental evidence for electric dipoles induced by magnetic monopoles in spin frustrated Tb_2Ti_2O_7. link3 link2 The magnetic field applied to pyrochlore Tb_2Ti_2O_7 along the [111] direction, brings out a "3-in-1-out" magnetic monopole configuration, and then induces a subtle structural phase transition at H_c∼2.3  T. The transition is made evident by the nonlinear phonon splitting under magnetic fields and the anomalous crystal-field excitations of Tb^3+ ions. link3 The observations consistently point to the displacement of the oxygen O^ anions along the [111] axis which gives rise to the formation of electric dipoles. The finding demonstrates that the scenario of magnetic monopole having both magnetic charge and electric dipole is realized in Tb_2Ti_2O_7 and sheds light into the coupling between electricity and magnetism of magnetic monopoles in spin frustrated systems.We propose a scheme for global optimization with first-principles energy expressions of atomistic structure. While unfolding its search, the method actively learns a surrogate model of the potential energy landscape on which it performs a number of local relaxations (exploitation) and further structural searches (exploration). Assuming Gaussian processes, deploying two separate kernel widths to better capture rough features of the energy landscape while retaining a good resolution of local minima, an acquisition function is used to decide on which of the resulting structures is the more promising and should be treated at the first-principles level. The method is demonstrated to outperform by 2 orders of magnitude a well established first-principles based evolutionary algorithm in finding surface reconstructions. Finally, global optimization with first-principles energy expressions is utilized to identify initial stages of the edge oxidation and oxygen intercalation of graphene sheets on the Ir(111) surface.Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) form an extremely unusual magnetic state in which the spins are highly correlated and fluctuate coherently down to the lowest temperatures, but without symmetry breaking and without the formation of any static long-range-ordered magnetism. Such intriguing phenomena are not only of great fundamental relevance in themselves, but also hold promise for quantum computing and quantum information. Among different types of QSLs, the exactly solvable Kitaev model is attracting much attention, with most proposed candidate materials, e.g., RuCl_3 and Na_2IrO_3, having an effective S=1/2 spin value. Here, via extensive first-principles-based simulations, we report the investigation of the Kitaev physics and possible Kitaev QSL state in epitaxially strained Cr-based monolayers, such as CrSiTe_3, that rather possess a S=3/2 spin value. Our study thus extends the playground of Kitaev physics and QSLs to 3d transition metal compounds.The only known way to study quantum field theories in nonperturbative regimes is using numerical calculations regulated on discrete space-time lattices. Such computations, however, are often faced with exponential signal-to-noise challenges that render key physics studies untenable even with next generation classical computing. link3 Here, a method is presented by which the output of small-scale quantum computations on noisy intermediate-scale quantum era hardware can be used to accelerate larger-scale classical field theory calculations through the construction of optimized interpolating operators. The method is implemented and studied in the context of the 1+1-dimensional Schwinger model, a simple field theory which shares key features with the standard model of nuclear and particle physics.