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The current study elucidates the impact of soil metal contamination on earthworm communities at the ecotype level. A total of 292 earthworms belonging to 13 species were collected in metal-contaminated soils from Wanshou (WSC), Daxing (DXC) and Lupu (LPC) plots (1.40-6.60, 29.4-126, 251-336 and 91.9-109 mg/kg for soil Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, respectively) in Hunan Province, southern China. The results showed that the total earthworm density and biomass significantly decreased along the increasing metal-contaminated gradient while epigeic earthworms became more dominant than anecic and endogeic earthworms. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil pH, total nitrogen and Cd concentration were the primary factors influencing earthworm communities, explaining 33.7%, 29.1% and 26.7% of the total variance, respectively. In addition, epigeic earthworm Metaphire californica bioaccumulated more Cd (0.27-0.60 mmol/kg), while endogeic earthworm Amynthas hupeiensis and anecic earthworm Amynthas asacceus bioaccumulated more Cu (0.55-1.62 mmol/kg) and Zn (2.86-6.46 mmol/kg) from soil, respectively, which were related to their habit soils and showed the species-specific bioaccumulation features. Our study discovered the diverse responses of earthworm ecotypes to metal contamination and their specific features of metal bioaccumulation, provide insight for soil risk assessments and for biodiversity conservation from a niche partitioning perspective. CAPSULE Earthworms of different ecotypes showed different responses to soil metal contamination and species-specific features of metal bioaccumulation.Porous Cu-doped alumina (P-Cu-Al2O3) has been synthesized using ammonium chloride as a green gaseous template. The unique pore-forming agent endows the catalyst a large surface area and homogenous pore structure. According to the characterization results by multi-technologies, the highly dispersed framework Cu+/Cu2+ was incorporated in octahedral sites with the formation of the Cu-O-Al bonds. Compared with bulk Cu-doped Al2O3 (B-Cu-Al2O3), more surface acidic oxygen-containing groups and Lewis acid sites existed in P-Cu-Al2O3, resulting in the production of surface adsorbed •OH, which is helpful for the removal of surface adsorbed organic intermediates. In addition, O2 more easily participate in surface reaction to promote the •OH generation in P-Cu-Al2O3 system than that in B-Cu-Al2O3. As a result, the representative endocrine disruptor bisphenol A can be more efficiently mineralized by P-Cu-Al2O3. This work provides a facile route to develop porous active heterogenous Fenton-like catalysts and a unique perspective to insight into the structure-activity relationship.The environmental fate for some selected antifouling biocides, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, tralopyril, and medetomidine, is relatively poorly understood with nearly all data derived from the assessment reports. Water/sediment systems and biofilms were used to determine biodegradation of the antifouling biocides. Dichlofluanid and tolylfluanid are known to hydrolyze to form DMSA (N,N-dimethyl-N'-phenylsulfamide) and DMST (N,N-Dimethyl-N'-(4-methylphenyl)sulfamide), respectively. DMSA did not show biodegradation, but it was shown to transform abiotically into N,N-dimethylsulfamide (N,N-DMS). In contrast, the structurally similar DMST did show biodegradation with a half-life of 5.78 days. The resulting transformation product of the biodegradation of DMST is also N,N-DMS. N,N-DMS accounted for the majority of the mass balance after 27 days in the water/sediment systems. Moreover, the biofilm systems also degraded both DMSA and DMST to N,N-DMS. The hydrolysis product of tralopyril, called BCCPCA (3-bromo-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-cyano-1 H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid), was not metabolized in the experiments and remained persistent. For this compound, a new log Kow of 2.47 was determined since the previously reported Kow value seemed to overestimate sediment partitioning. Medetomidine was removed from the water/sediment system, though, not significantly more than the control. However, a transformation product (medetomidine-acid) was detected in the incubation but not in the control, pointing to limited biodegradation. These results show that tolylfluanid can be rapidly removed by biodegradation in the marine environment, while dichlofluanid, tralopyril, and medetomidine remained in the system for a longer period of time. The prolonged stability of these biocides could mean that there is potential for accumulation in the environment. This potential is also there for the DMSA (dichlofluanid) and DMST (tolylfluanid) derived transformation product N,N-DMS, which was recalcitrant.Isoniazid and its major metabolite, hydrazine (N2H4), may interfere with mitochondrial function and have negative effects on cells. Consequently, an understanding of the role of N2H4 in mitochondria is highly desirable for protecting human health. Herein, we report a novel mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe (Mitro-N2H4) for N2H4 detection. Mitro-N2H4 exhibited an attenuation of green emission at 521 nm and an enhancement of yellow emission at 590 nm in the presence of N2H4 because of hydrazinolysis, indicating that it can be used as a ratiometric chemosensor for N2H4 with high selectivity and sensitivity. Such on-site monitoring of N2H4 vapour using test strips and N2H4-moistened soil analysis demonstrated its advantages in potential application for the convenient sensing of N2H4. Moreover, the rationally designed probe has many potential applications for imaging N2H4 produced in situ during the metabolism of isoniazid in living cells based on the ratio of the fluorescent signal.In this study, the influence of coconut shell biochar addition (CSB) on heavy metals (Cu and Zn) resistance bacterial fate and there correlation with physicochemical parameters were evaluated during poultry manure composting. CA77.1 ic50 High-throughput sequencing was carried out on five treatments, namely T1-T5, where T2 to T5 were supplemented with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% CSB, while T1 was used as control for the comparison. The results of HMRB indicated that the relative abundance of major potential bacterial host altered were Firmicutes (52.88-14.32%), Actinobacteria (35.20-4.99%), Bacteroidetes (0.05-15.07%) and Proteobacteria (0.01-20.28%) with elevated biochar concentration (0%-10%). Beta and alpha diversity as well as network analysis illustrated composting micro-environmental ecology with exogenous additive biochar to remarkably affect the dominant resistant bacterial community distribution by adjusting the interacting between driving environmental parameters with potential host bacterial in composting. Ultimately, the amendment of 7.5% CSB into poultry manure composting was able to significantly reduce the HMRB abundance, improve the composting efficiency and end product quality.Lead pollution in water and soil often transfers to food, advocating tools for on-site detection of lead pollution to ensure both environmental and food safety. We proposed a label-free, dually amplified and homogeneous DNAzyme assay for sensitive and one-pot detection of lead pollution. Instead of using chemically modified DNA substrate, a structure-response digestion process was introduced to monitor Pb2+ presence-induced cleavage process of unlabeled substrate, further amplifying the response signals and eliminating the use of labeled DNA probes. The DNAzyme assay allowed to detect Pb2+ as low as 0.12 nM and endued a dynamic range from 0.1 nM to 30 nM. In addition, it can specifically identify Pb2+ among other metal ions. We demonstrated that the DNAzyme assay can precisely detect Pb2+ in tap water, milk and fish. Thus, the DNAzyme assay is promising for on-site monitoring lead pollution risk and ensuring environmental and food safety.Pseudomonas aeruginosa-encapsulated alginate/gellan gum microbeads (PAGMs) were prepared at the condition of 10 g/L alginate, 1 g/L gellan gum, and 2.57 mM calcium ions, and investigated for the biodegradation of a diesel-contaminated groundwater. The degradation of diesel with PAGMs reached 71.2% after 10days in the aerobic condition, while that of suspended bacteria was only 32.0% even after 30days. The kinetic analysis showed that PAGMs had more than two-order higher second-order kinetic constant than that of the suspended bacteria. Interestingly, the degradation of diesel was ceased due to the depletion of the dissolved oxygen after 10 day in the PAGM reactor, but the microbial degradation activity was immediately restored after the addition of oxygen to 10.5 mg/L. The change in ATP concentration and the viability of bacteria showed that the microbial activity in PAGMs were maintained (66.4%, and 84.3%, respectively) even after 30days of experiment with PAGMs due to the protective barrier of the microbeads, whereas those of suspended bacteria showed significant decrease to 6.2% and 14.4% of initial value, respectively, due to the direct contact to toxic hydrocarbons. The results suggested that encapsulation of bacterial cells could be used for the enhanced biodegradation of diesel hydrocarbons in aqueous systems.Effective capture of pollutants from wastewater is crucial for protecting the environment and human health. An azo-based porous organic polymer (AzoPPOP) containing porphyrin and inorganics cage polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane units was synthesized via a catalyst-free coupling reaction. Results showed that AzoPPOP possess a high surface area, a hierarchically porous structure, good thermal stability, abundant adsorption sites, and an electronegative nature. Based on these properties, AzoPPOP had an extremely high adsorption capacity (1357.58 mg g-1) for RhB, a fast adsorption rate, and good selectivity. Study of the mechanism revealed that in addition to electrostatic interactions, the high specific surface area, existence of -NH2, and the strong π-π interaction between AzoPPOP and RhB also play important roles for the adsorption of RhB. AzoPPOP also displayed excellent adsorption properties for heavy metal ions (230.45, 192.24 and 162.11 mg g-1 for Ag+, Hg2+, and Pb2+, respectively). More importantly, simulation of the purification experiment of waste water and the recycling regeneration experiment revealed that AzoPPOP has good high-level recyclability and could remove multi-pollutants in one pass through a simple adsorption column.In this study, natural zeolite with maximum adsorption capacity of 3.59 mg g-1 was used for the simultaneous removal of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD) and color from raw sanitary landfill leachate (SLL). Saturation, desorption and regeneration tests of zeolite were performed. Optimum adsorption conditions were found for particle size 0.930 µm, stirring rate of 1.18 m s-1, zeolite dosage of 133 g L-1 and pH 8. NH4+-N removal efficiency reached 51.63 ± 0.80% within 2.5 min of contact. NH4+-N adsorption follows mostly the linear pseudo-second order model, with intra-particle diffusion. NH4+-N desorption follows the linear pseudo-second order model. Adsorption data fitted to the Temkin Isotherm in linear and nonlinear forms. Saturation tests showed that zeolite can be efficiently used in three successive adsorption cycles. NH4+-N release from the saturated zeolite was not completely reversible, suggesting that the zeolite may be used as slow ΝΗ4+-Ν releasing fertilizer and an attractive low cost material for the treatment of SLL.