Toddmccleary0436

OBJECTIVE To examine the association of maternal lifetime experiences of racial discrimination with infant sleep duration over the first 2 years of life. DESIGN Prebirth cohort study. SETTING Massachusetts, USA (baseline 1999-2002). PARTICIPANTS 552 mother-infant dyads in Project Viva, for whom the mother self-identified as being a woman of color. MEASUREMENTS During pregnancy, mothers completed the Experiences of Discrimination survey that measured lifetime experiences of racial discrimination in eight domains. The main outcome was a weighted average of their infants' 24-hour sleep duration from 6 months to 2 years. RESULTS 30% reported 0 domains of racial discrimination, 35% 1-2 domains, and 34% ≥3 domains. Any racial discrimination (≥1 vs. 0 domains) was higher among black (80%) versus Hispanic (58%) or Asian (53%) mothers and the United States versus foreign-born mothers (79% vs. 58%) and was associated with higher mean prepregnancy BMI (26.8 vs. 24.5 kg/m2). Children whose mothers reported ≥3 domains versus 0 domains had shorter sleep duration from 6 months to 2 years in unadjusted analysis (β -18.6 min/d; 95% CI -37.3, 0.0), which was attenuated after adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity and nativity (-13.6 min/d; -33.7, 6.5). We found stronger associations of racial discrimination with offspring sleep at 6 months (-49.3 min/d; -85.3, -13.2) than for sleep at 1 year (-13.5 min/d; -47.2, 20.3) or 2 years (4.2 min/d; -21.5, 29.9). CONCLUSIONS Maternal lifetime experiences of racial discrimination was associated with shorter offspring sleep duration at 6 months, but not with infant's sleep at 1 and 2 years of age. OBJECTIVES The main objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether sex moderates the association between social media use and body mass index (BMI) and (2) assess whether sleep duration mediates the association between social media use and BMI. DESIGN A cross-sectional province-wide and school-based survey of 7th to 12th graders (mean age 15.1 years). PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 4,991 students from the 2015 cycle of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (Canada). MEASUREMENTS Participants self-reported time spent using social media, total screen time, physical activity, sleep duration, and body weight and height. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between social media use and BMI z-scores. Given that the sex by social media use interaction term was significant, analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS After adjusting for age, ethnic background, subjective socioeconomic status, frequency of breakfast consumption, and physical activity, heavy social media use (>2 hours/day) was associated with higher BMI z-scores among males (β=0.323, 95% CI 0.094; 0.551) than among females (β=0.036, 95% CI -0.292; 0.364). This association remained significant after further adjusting for total screen time. Results also showed that sleep duration mediates the association between social media use and BMI z-scores among men. CONCLUSION Our results showed that short sleep duration is a concurrent mediator of the relationship between social media use and BMI z-scores among males. Reducing time spent using social media may be a good behavioral target to promote adequate sleep duration, which is considered as a component in childhood obesity prevention efforts. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study is to examine the effect of leader sleep devaluation (which we define as leader behaviors that signal to employees that sleep should be sacrificed for work) on the sleep and unethical behavior of subordinates. DESIGN Across 2 studies (with 3 total samples of participants), we use a cross-sectional survey, a diary study completed by employees, and a diary study completed by employees and their leaders. SETTING Study 1 - a convenience sample of working adults in Italy, including 575 subordinates nested under 140 leaders. Study 2A - 135 working adults recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Study 2B - 127 employee-supervisor dyads recruited from the Study Response project. MEASUREMENTS Survey measures of leader behaviors, subordinates sleep, and subordinate unethical behavior. RESULTS Sleep devaluing leader behavior has harmful effects on employee sleep, and that these effects occur above and beyond the effects of abusive supervision and other alternative explanations. Subordinate sleep quality has a mediating role between leader sleep devaluation and subordinate unethical behavior. Effects for sleep quantity were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Leaders can adversely influence the sleep and work experience of their subordinates. Specifically, sleep devaluing leader behavior undermines subordinate sleep, which in turn is associated with higher levels of subordinate unethical behavior. INTRODUCTION Caregiving, providing regular care or assistance to family members or friends with health problems or disabilities, may affect caregivers' sleep. This study examined self-reported short sleep duration by caregiving status among US adults. METHODS Data of 114,496 respondents aged ≥18 years in 19 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. Prevalence of short sleep duration ( less then 7 hours per 24-hour period) by caregiving status was calculated, and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from a multivariable logistic regression model with adjustment for potential covariates. RESULTS Nearly 1 of 5 adults reported caregiving within the past month. A higher prevalence of short sleep duration was reported among caregivers (39.5%) than among non-caregivers (34.2%, adjusted PR [95% CI] = 1.12 [1.06-1.19]). Caregivers who reported prolonged caregiving (≥5 years) reported a higher prevalence of short sleep duration than those with less then 2 years of caregiving. Similarly, caregivers who provided 20-39 hours of caregiving per week reported a higher prevalence of short sleep duration than those with less then 20 hours caregiving per week. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dubs-in-1.html CONCLUSIONS Caregivers had a higher prevalence of short sleep duration than noncaregivers. Providing information and community-based resources and supports for caregiving may minimize caregiver stress and improve sleep particularly for those with prolonged or more intense caregiving.