Tobiasenrich1399

The roots were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slices (coronal, middle, and apical thirds). After 7 days' storage in distilled water, the slices were submitted to a push-out test. The mean bond strength values were compared using 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (P less then 0.05). The mean (SD) overall bond strength values of the specimens were as follows PPIN, 4.46 (1.43) MPa; PUIN, 6.13 (2.35) MPa; CUIN, 7.41 (1.83) MPa; PPIC, 3.59 (1.70) MPa; PUIC, 5.49 (1.41) MPa; and CUIC, 6.0 (1.63) MPa. Irrespective of the irrigating solution, continuous ultrasonic irrigation achieved significantly greater push-out bond strengths for glass fiber posts, mainly at the apical third of the root specimens (P less then 0.05).This study sought to compare a bioceramic sealer (TotalFill) and a calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) sealer (Sealapex) in terms of their pH, calcium ion (Ca²⁺) release, and antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. For the pH and Ca²⁺ release tests, 20 polyethylene tubes (10 mm in height and 1 mm in internal diameter) were filled with the appropriate sealer (n = 10 per sealer), immersed in glass flasks each containing 10 mL of deionized water, and stored in an incubator at 37°C. The water was changed after 1, 7, 28, and 90 days. At each water change, the eluates were measured with an advanced electrochemistry meter to determine the pH and with a flame atomic absorption spectrometer to determine the Ca²⁺ release. The antibacterial effect was measured using the turbidimetry-based direct contact test in which the wells of a microtiter plate were coated with a thin, even layer of freshly prepared sealer (10 wells per sealer), which was allowed to set before application of a suspension of E faecalis. Control wells were obtained by placing an identical bacterial suspension in 10 uncoated wells. The optical density of the sealer and control groups was measured immediately and 1, 3, and 7 days after sealer preparation. Data were analyzed for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student t test, and 1-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests were all utilized with a significance level of P less then 0.05. TotalFill maintained significantly higher pH and Ca²⁺ release levels than Sealapex at all evaluation times (P less then 0.05). Both sealers demonstrated significantly greater antibacterial effect (lower optical density) than the control group; however, TotalFill resulted in significantly lower optical density values than Sealapex (P less then 0.05). TotalFill bioceramic sealer demonstrated superior Ca(OH)2-related properties compared to Sealapex Ca(OH)2 sealer.Successful management of separated endodontic instruments is difficult, but several techniques are available for the retrieval of a separated instrument (SI). An appropriate treatment plan depends on various factors, including the anatomy and location of the tooth; the size, type, and location of the SI; and the skill of the clinician. However, the selection of the most appropriate management technique based on these factors can be a challenging decision that directly influences the success of the procedure. This article presents 4 symptomatic cases of SIs managed with various modalities as well as 1-year clinical and radiographic follow-up results. The management techniques applied in these cases included the use of ultrasonic tips, the wire loop method, safe-sided H-files, the braiding technique, and bypassing of the file. The medical history of the patients was noncontributory except for a single patient who had type 2 diabetes mellitus, which might have delayed healing. After instrument retrieval, the patients were evaluated clinically for relief of signs and symptoms as well as for their responses to various tests such as percussion, palpation, and tooth mobility. Radiographic evaluation at the 12-month follow-up was used to determine the periapical index. The clinical and radiographic results and patient-reported outcomes were satisfactory in all cases. The 4 cases presented demonstrate that the keys to successful management of an SI are understanding the factors that influence the case and selecting an appropriate therapeutic technique.The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the 3- and 90-day bond strengths of 3 cements used for luting metal-ceramic crowns. Zinc phosphate cement (ZPC; SS White), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Fuji Plus), and self-adhesive resin cement (SARC; RelyX U200) were assessed in 2 different treatment conditions (with and without microsandblasting of the alloy) and at 2 experimental times (3 days [E1] and 90 days [E2] after cementation). The buccal surfaces of 84 bovine teeth were ground until the dentin was exposed, and 84 nickel-chromium alloy plates cast from a resin model were cemented to the dentin surfaces with 1 of the 3 cements (n = 28). In half of the specimens of each group (n = 14), the bonding surfaces of the nickel-chromium plates received 6 seconds of microsandblasting with 45-μm aluminum oxide particles prior to cementation. The compressive shear bond strengths of the specimens were evaluated in a universal testing machine at E1 and E2 (n = 7). The SARC group showed the greatest bond strength, followed by the RMGIC group, while the bond strength of the ZPC group was significantly lower (P 0.05). Although RMGIC specimens showed a lower initial bond strength than SARC specimens, the fact that the microsandblasted RMGIC subgroup was the only one that demonstrated a significant increase in bond strength with aging suggests that RMGIC can be a material of first choice because it also costs less than SARC.A cartilaginous choristoma is a nonneoplastic nodular growth of histologically normal cartilage in an abnormal site. This report describes a case of a cartilaginous choristoma on the lateral surface of the tongue in a 65-year-old woman. The entire lesion was excised, and histologic examination revealed mature cartilaginous tissue surrounded by dense connective tissue. Choristomas are rare findings in the oral cavity, easily confused with proliferative processes or soft tissue neoplasms. Nevertheless, choristomas may be part of the differential diagnosis for lesions similar to the one described in this case report.The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a reciprocating file (Reciproc) and a rotary retreatment file (Mtwo retreatment [Mtwo-R]) for the removal of filling material during root canal retreatment. A total of 30 mandibular molars with a mesial root curvature between 20° and 40° were selected and prepared using a Reciproc R25 file. The canals were filled using the lateral condensation technique and a root canal sealer. The specimens were randomly allocated into 2 groups according to the retreatment technique used (n = 15) a Reciproc R25 file or Mtwo-R 15/.05 and 25/.05 files. After retreatment, the specimens were longitudinally sectioned and photographed with an operating microscope under ×10 magnification. The percentage of total remaining filling material and the percentages in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the specimens were calculated. The Student t test was used for statistical comparisons of the 2 groups, and the analysis of variance followed by Tukey test was used to verify differences among the root thirds within each group. No statistically significant difference between the 2 groups was detected in the percentage of total remaining filling material (P = 0.87) or the percentage in any of the thirds of the root canals (P > 0.05) after reinstrumentation. In both groups, there was a significantly greater amount of remaining material in the apical third (P less then 0.05). UBCS039 The results suggested that there is no difference between the 2 systems in their effectiveness at removing filling material.In-office printing of surgical guides is becoming increasingly common in the modern dental practice. This in vitro study sought to evaluate the accuracy of fit of surgical guides printed with 4 low-cost desktop 3-dimensional (3D) printers SparkMaker Original, Photon, MP Mini SLA, and Epax X1. All of the printers in this study were released after 2017 and purchased for less than $500. All of the 3D printers were capable of printing biocompatible surgical guide resin. To evaluate the accuracy of the printers, a total of 20 surgical guides were produced with the 4 printers (n = 5) from the same stereolithography (STL) file using the same resin. The guides were then scanned with a laboratory scanner, and the intaglio surface was compared to the master STL file using metrology software. The null hypothesis was that, across printers, the intaglio surfaces of the printed surgical guides would achieve the standard of at least 80% of the surface fitting within a 100- μm tolerance level. Data were analyzed with the Tukey-Kramer test (P less then 0.05). Three of the 4 printers (SparkMaker Original, Photon, and Epax X1) were able to consistently produce surgical guides within the accepted tolerance values. The Epax X1 surgical guide group had a significantly higher mean percentage of fit within the tolerance level (P less then 0.05), indicating that this printer produced the greatest accuracy relative to the original STL file.In this retrospective cross-sectional study, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to assess the bone quantity variations in the posterior mandible of edentulous patients. The crestal cortical bone thickness, buccal cortical bone thickness, lingual cortical bone thickness, ridge height, ridge width, ridge angle, lingual concavity depth, and cortical to cancellous bone surface area ratio were measured at 631 sites on 130 CBCT scans of edentulous patients. The patient sample comprised 87 men and 43 women with a mean (SD) age of 63.0 (11.8) years. One calibrated observer made all of the measurements. The intraobserver agreement was calculated, and the results of the measurements were analyzed with the independent t test and Pearson correlation test. The crestal, buccal, and lingual cortical bone thickness and ridge angle decreased significantly with age, while the ridge width increased significantly with age (P less then 0.05). The buccal and lingual cortical bone thickness, ridge height, ridge angle, and lingual concavity depth were significantly greater in men (P less then 0.05). The buccal cortical bone thickness, ridge width, ridge angle, and lingual concavity depth increased significantly from the anterior toward the posterior region relative to the mental foramen (P less then 0.05). A ridge height of greater than 8.0 mm, a ridge width of greater than 6.0 mm, and a ridge angle of less than 15° were noted in 74%, 80%, and 80% of the sites, respectively (P less then 0.05). The anatomical variations found in the mandibular posterior region of edentulous patients necessitate comprehensive CBCT assessment prior to implant placement in this area.

Rabies is one of the oldest and deadliest infectious diseases known by human beings and is commonly transmitted by animal bites. Dogs have a major role in the transmission of the virus. Rabies has no approved curative therapy, and its prevention, even though it is highly effective, it is complex, expensive and challenging in terms of accessibility, particularly regarding immunoglobulin. This review aims to provide a practical approach to cost-effective prevention as well as the future perspectives regarding the development of an effective and secure cure.

This review article was based on a search in PubMed using the following MeSH terms rabies, preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis, rabies immune globulin, treatment, Milwaukee Protocol.

Concerning rabies infection, it's important to apply the prevention protocols effectively as early as possible due the unpredictable time window between infection and the appearance of symptoms. The literature shows that is possible to reduce the vaccination dosage and maintain the efficiency of the immunization, and booster vaccination is only required in specific risk groups/populations.