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The resting QT interval, an electrocardiographic (ECG) measure of ventricular myocardial repolarization, is a heritable risk marker of cardiovascular mortality, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Previously reported candidate genes have provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms of the QT interval. However, there are still important knowledge gaps. We aimed to gain new insights by (1) providing new candidate genes, (2) identifying pleiotropic associations with other cardiovascular traits, and (3) scanning for sexually dimorphic genetic effects. We conducted a genome-wide association analysis for resting QT interval with ~ 9.8 million variants in 52 107 individuals of European ancestry without known cardiovascular disease from the UK Biobank. We identified 40 loci, 13 of which were novel, including 2 potential sex-specific loci, explaining ~ 11% of the trait variance. Candidate genes at novel loci were involved in myocardial structure and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. learn more Investigation of pleiotropic effects of QT interval variants using phenome-wide association analyses in 302 000 unrelated individuals from the UK Biobank and pairwise genome-wide comparisons with other ECG and cardiac imaging traits revealed genetic overlap with atrial electrical pathology. These findings provide novel insights on how abnormal myocardial repolarization and increased cardiovascular mortality may be linked.Intra-season timing of influenza infection among persons of different ages could reflect relative contributions to propagation of seasonal epidemics and has not been examined among ambulatory patients. We calculated risk ratios derived from comparing weekly influenza cases pre-peak versus post-peak during the 2010-2011 through 2018-2019 influenza seasons using data from the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness network. We sought to determine age specific differences during the ascent versus the descent of a season by influenza virus types and subtypes. We estimated credible intervals around the risk ratios using Bayesian joint posterior sampling of weekly cases. Our population consisted of ambulatory patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza enrolled at five study sites during nine influenza seasons after the 2009 influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (H1N1) pandemic. We observed that young children aged less then 5 years tended to be more often infected with H1N1 during the pre-peak period while adults aged ≥65 years tended to be more often infected with H1N1 during the post-peak period. However, for influenza A virus subtype H3N2 children aged less then 5 years were more often infected during the post-peak period. These results may reflect a contribution of different age groups to seasonal spread, which may differ by influenza virus type and subtype.

Hypogammaglobulinemia is a disorder characterized by low serum immunoglobulin levels and had high prevalence of gastrointestinal manifestations. In some cases, clinical and endoscopic features are indistinguishable from those of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

This was a multicenter case series performed as a part of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) Collaborative Network of Exceptionally Rare case reports (CONFER) project.

This report includes 27 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia and IBD-like features [20 males and 7 females, median age 45.6 years (Interquartile range (IQR) 35.2-59]. Crohn's disease-like features were noted in 23 patients, four patients had ulcerative colitis-like features. The diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia preceded IBD-like features diagnosis in 20 patients (median of 7 years prior, IQR 2.6-20.6 years), and followed IBD-like features appearance in 7 cases (median of one year after, IQR 0.45-5.6 years).Hypogammaglobulinemia etiologies were common var majority of cases after appropriate treatment.

Oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is closely related to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). The value of critical indexed oxygen delivery (DO

i) is a key indicator to reflect oxygen supply in cardiovascular surgery. However, the target DO

i value for neonates undergoing hypothermic CPB remains unclear.

One hundred and twenty-six consecutive newborns (≤28 days) undergoing arterial switch operations were retrospectively divided into two groups according to AKI occurrence. Baseline characteristics, intraoperative variables, and clinical outcomes were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver-operating characteristic curve were performed to investigate the association between DO

i and AKI.

Neonates in the no-AKI group (n = 67) had significantly higher nadir bypass flow and DO

i during the hypothermic phase compared with the AKI group (n = 59). AKI group had remarkably higher incidences of hepatic dysfunction and peritoneal dialysis requirement compared withmined for the first time, which provides a reference for intra-CPB management strategy to improve the postoperative outcomes of newborns.

 269 mL min-1 m-2 may help protect neonates from the risk of AKI after on-pump hypothermic cardiovascular surgery. The critical DO2i value for neonates undergoing hypothermic CPB remains unclear, and our study may add new evidence for this matter based on the 6-year experience of our center. In this study, the lowest critical value of DO2i in neonatal hypothermic CPB is determined for the first time, which provides a reference for intra-CPB management strategy to improve the postoperative outcomes of newborns.

Urinary titin N-fragment levels have been used to assess the catabolic state, and we used this biomarker to evaluate the catabolic state of infants.

We retrospectively measured urinary titin N-fragment levels of urinary samples. The primary outcome was its changes according to postmenstrual age. The secondary outcomes included differences between gestational age, longitudinal change after birth, influence on growth, and relationship with blood tests.

This study included 219 patients with 414 measurements. Urinary titin N-fragment exponentially declined with postmenstrual age. These values were 12.5 (7.1-19.6), 8.1 (5.1-13.0), 12.8 (6.0-21.3), 26.4 (16.4-52.0), and 81.9 (63.3-106.4) pmol/mg creatinine in full, late, moderate, very, and extremely preterm infants, respectively (p < 0.01). After birth, urinary levels of titin N-fragment exponentially declined, and the maximum level within a week was associated with the time to return to birth weight in preterm infants (ρ = 0.39, p < 0.01). This was correlated with creatine kinase in full-term infants (ρ = 0.