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Further theoretical considerations suggest that unusual potential changes for enhanced molecular interactions are available only within a limited range from the interface. These results would be related with molecular recognition in biomolecular systems that is similarly supported by promoted molecular interactions in interfacial environments such as cell membranes, surfaces of protein interiors, and macromolecular interfaces.A series of phosphine oxides and H-phosphinates were vinylated in the presence of the iodine(iii) reagents vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX), providing the corresponding alk-1-enyl phosphine oxides and alk-1-enyl phosphinates in good yields with complete chemo- and regioselectivity. The vinylation proceeds in open flask under mild and transition metal-free conditions.Protonation of DMF by (H7O3)2[W6Cl14] results in the appearance of strongly proton coupled [(DMF)2H]+ dimers. Such units are captured as the cationic part of [(DMF)2H]2[W6Cl14] (1). The proton behavior in such dimers was studied for the first time with single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 1H MAS NMR, Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopic techniques. The experimental data reveal the presence of two types of [(DMF)2H]+ dimers in 1 (cisoidal and transoidal, with respect to the mutual orientations of their C-O groups) which differ in terms of the degree to which they interact with the cluster anions as the temperature decreases. At room temperature all the OO distances in the [(DMF)2H]+ dimers are very short (2.375 Å) and almost equal. 1H MAS NMR spectra show a resonance line at 18.7 ppm which is very close to that observed in sodium hydrogen maleate with a strong hydrogen bond belonging to a single-well potential of proton motion. The temperature decrease leads to the differentiation of [(DMF)2H]+MF)2H]+ cation with a longer OO distance (the cisoidal isomer) and below 60 K for the [(DMF)2H]+ cation with a shorter OO distance (the transoidal isomer).A reflection-absorption optical (RAO) spectrometer, operating across the ultra-violet/visible (UV/visible) wavelength region, has been developed that allows simultaneous measurements of optical properties and thickness of thin solid films at cryogenic temperatures in ultrahigh vacuum. The RAO spectrometer enables such measurements to be made after ice deposition, as opposed to most current approaches which make measurements during deposition. This allows changes in the optical properties and in the thickness of the film to be determined subsequent to thermal, photon or charged particle processing. click here This is not possible with current techniques. A data analysis method is presented that allows the wavelength dependent n and k values for ices to be extracted from the reflection-absorption spectra. The validity of this analysis method is shown using model data from the literature. New data are presented for the reflection UV/visible spectra of amorphous and crystalline single component ices of benzene, methyl formate and water adsorbed on a graphite surface. These data show that, for benzene and methyl formate, the crystalline ice has a larger refractive index than amorphous ice, reflecting changes in the electronic environment occurring in the ice during crystallisation. For water, the refractive index does not vary with ice phase.A double-stranded DNA catalyzed strand displacement system (dsCSD) was established for the detection of small genetic variations, which showed greatly enhanced specificity compared to the conventional single-stranded DNA catalyzed strand displacement (ssCSD) system. The system achieved limits of detection (LODs) of 0.05% and 0.1% for synthesized DNA samples and clinical gene samples, respectively.Dipole-phonon quantum logic (DPQL) leverages the interaction between polar molecular ions and the motional modes of a trapped-ion Coulomb crystal to provide a potentially scalable route to quantum information science. Here, we study a class of candidate molecular ions for DPQL, the cationic alkaline-earth monoxides and monosulfides, which possess suitable structure for DPQL and can be produced in existing atomic ion experiments with little additional complexity. We present calculations of DPQL operations for one of these molecules, CaO+, and discuss progress towards experimental realization. We also further develop the theory of DPQL to include state preparation and measurement and entanglement of multiple molecular ions.The development of novel π-conjugated charge transfer mediators is at the forefront of current research efforts and interests. Among the plethora of building blocks, diketopyrrolopyrroles have been widely employed, associated to the ease of tailoring their optoelectronic properties by systematic peripheral substitutions. It is somehow of surprise to us that their six-member ring bis-lactam analogues, naphthyridines have been overlooked and reports are scarce and almost solely limited to their use in polymeric materials. Herein we report a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the charge transfer properties of 1,5-naphthyridine-based materials by means of a number of bespoke model systems, further able to quantitatively predict experimental mobility observations. Our results imply that thiophene substituted naphthyridine crystalline materials represent a promising class of organic π-conjugated systems with an experimentally observed ability to self-assemble in the solid state conforming to one dimensional stacking motifs. These highly sought-after charge propagation channels are characterised by large wavefunction overlap and thermal integrity and have as a result the potential to outperform currently exploited alternatives. We anticipate this work to be of interest to materials scientists and hope it will pave the way towards the realisation of novel charge transfer mediators exploiting naphthyridine chemistries.The aim of the present review is to highlight the most recent achievements in different fields of application of salen-based zinc and aluminum complexes. More specifically this article focuses on the use of aluminum and zinc salen-type complexes as optical probes for biologically relevant molecules, as catalysts for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters and co-polymerization of epoxides and anhydrides (ROCOP) and in the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2). The intention is to provide an overview of the most recent results from our group within the framework of the state-of-art-results in the literature.