Thygesenmcmanus1495

Rural women experience disproportionately higher levels of obesity in comparison to their non-rural counterparts. selleck chemical The present exploratory mediation analysis sought to identify mechanisms that might have contributed to rural women's physical activity and diet changes after participating in a 6-month multilevel community-randomized trial Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities (SHHC). SHHC was conducted in 16 rural towns in Montana and New York, between 2015 and 2016; 194 overweight, sedentary midlife, and older women (mean age 59; 26.8% overweight; 73.2% obese) participated. Participants in eight towns received the SHHC intervention (n = 101), which focused on healthy behavior change at the individual level as well as creating supportive social and built environments for physical activity and healthy eating. Participants in the other eight towns received an education-only control intervention (n = 93). We investigated the direct and indirect effects of the SHHC intervention through changes to self-efficacy, social support, and built environment perception, on changes in participants' physical activity and diet. Compared to the controls, SHHC intervention participants increased their social support from friends for physical activity (p = 0.009) and healthy eating (p = 0.032). Participants' improved social support from friends marginally mediated the intervention effects for walking metabolic equivalent minutes per week, explaining 40.5% of the total effect (indirect effect = +45.24, 95% CI -1.51, +91.99; p = 0.059). Increasing social support from friends appears to be helpful in encouraging rural women to become more active. Further investigations are needed to better understand how multilevel interventions work in rural communities.

The current nutritional composition of the "American diet" (AD; also known as Western diet) has been linked to the increasing incidence of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely Crohn disease (CD).

This study investigated which of the 3 major macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) in the AD has the greatest impact on preventing chronic inflammation in experimental IBD mouse models.

We compared 5 rodent diets designed to mirror the 2011-2012 "What We Eat in America" NHANES. Each diet had 1 macronutrient dietary source replaced. The formulated diets were AD, AD-soy-pea (animal protein replaced by soy+pea protein), AD-CHO ("refined carbohydrate" by polysaccharides), AD-fat [redistribution of the ω-6ω-3 (n-6n-3) PUFA ratio; ∼101 to 11], and AD-mix (all 3 "healthier" macronutrients combined). In 3 separate experiments, 8-wk-old germ-free SAMP1/YitFC mice (SAMP) colonized with human gut microbiota ("hGF-SAMP") from CD or healthy donors were fed an AD, an AD-"modified," or led, suggesting that similar, feasible adjustments to the daily human diet could help control/prevent IBD in humans.

Replacement of animal protein in an AD by plant-based sources reduced the severity of experimental IBD in all mouse models studied, suggesting that similar, feasible adjustments to the daily human diet could help control/prevent IBD in humans.

There are few evidence-based strategies to attenuate the risk of metabolic syndrome in offspring exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Chinese herbs and exhibits glucose lowering properties.

We hypothesized that dietary BBR would improve health outcomes in the mouse offspring of GDM dams.

Wild-type C57BL/6 female mice were fed either a Lean-inducing low-fat diet (L-LF,10% kcal fat, 35%kcal sucrose) or a GDM-inducing high-fat diet (GDM-HF, 45%kcal fat, 17.5% sucrose) for 6 wk prior to breeding with wild-type C57BL/6 male mice throughout pregnancy and the suckling period. The resulting Lean and GDM-exposed male and female offspring were randomly assigned an LF (10%kcal fat, 35%kcal sucrose), HF (45%kcal fat, 17.5% sucrose), or high-fat berberine (HFB) (45%kcal fat, 17.5% sucrose diet) containing BBR (160mg/kg/d, HFB) at weaning for 12 wk. The main outcome was to evaluate the effects of BBR on obesity, pancreatic islet function, and cardiion from obesity and the development of pancreatic islet and cardiac dysfunction.

Dietary misreporting is the main limitation of dietary assessments and has been associated with BMI during youth. However there are no prior studies assessing misreporting and cardiometabolic risks (CMRs) in adolescence.

To examine the associations between dietary misreporting and CMR factors in adolescents and to assess the potential bias in the association between CMR and energy intake (EI) driven by dietary misreporting.

Two 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained from 1512 European adolescents (54.8% girls) aged 12.5-17.5 years. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Cut-offs suggested by Huang were applied to identify misreporters. Height, waist circumference (WC), the sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measurements were taken and serum triglycerides and total-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were analyzed. A sex- and age-specific clustered CMR score (n=364) was computed. Associations w EI and CMR associations in adolescents. Therefore, energy misreporting should be taken into account when examining diet-CMR associations.

CMR factors differed among misreporting groups, and both abdominal and total fat mass indicators were more strongly associated with all forms of misreporting than was BMI. Moreover, misreporting seems to bias EI and CMR associations in adolescents. Therefore, energy misreporting should be taken into account when examining diet-CMR associations.

Total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty account for over 1 million procedures annually. Opioids are the mainstay of postoperative pain management for these patients. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine patterns of use and factors associated with early discontinuation of opioids after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).

TRICARE claims data (2006-2014) were queried for adult (18-64 years) patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty. Prescription opioid use was identified from 6 months before and 6 months after surgical intervention. Prior opioid use was categorized as naïve, exposed (with non-sustained use), and sustained (6 month continuous use before surgery). Cox proportional-hazards models were used to identify factors associated with opioid discontinuation following TJA.

Among the 29,767 patients included in the study, 15,271 (51.3%) had prior opioid exposure and 3,740 (12.5%) were sustained opioid users. At 6 months after the surgical intervention, 3,171 (10.