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The cognitive and personality variables of adolescents with and without ADHD differ. These results will be useful for establishing a cognitive and personality profile for this section of the population. The educational implications of the study are under discussion.

The cognitive and personality variables of adolescents with and without ADHD differ. These results will be useful for establishing a cognitive and personality profile for this section of the population. The educational implications of the study are under discussion.Several studies have shown that impairments in a sensory modality can induce perceptual deficits in tasks involving the remaining senses. For example, people with retinal degenerative diseases like Macular Degeneration (MD) and with central scotoma show biased auditory localization abilities towards the visual field's scotoma area. This result indicates an auditory spatial reorganization of cross-modal processing in people with scotoma when the visual information is impaired. Recent works showed that multisensory training could be beneficial to improve spatial perception. In line with this idea, here we hypothesize that audio-visual and motor training could improve people's spatial skills with retinal degenerative diseases. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis by testing two groups of scotoma patients in an auditory and visual localization task before and after a training or rest performance. The training group was tested before and after multisensory training, while the control group performed the two tasks twice after 10 min of break. The training was done with a portable device positioned on the finger, providing spatially and temporally congruent audio and visual feedback during arm movement. Our findings show improved audio and visual localization for the training group and not for the control group. These results suggest that integrating multiple spatial sensory cues can improve the spatial perception of scotoma patients. This finding ignites further research and applications for people with central scotoma for whom rehabilitation is classically focused on training visual modality only.The motion of the swing leg of elite sprinters at maximum speed is markedly different from that of slower sprinters, but the mechanisms by which this difference influences performance are unknown. The aim of this study was to establish whether and, if so, how the motion of the swing leg influences maximum achievable running speed using computer simulation. A seven-segment planar computer model was constructed to simulate the stance phase of sprinting. Optimisation was used to maximise the running speed of the model using two different swing leg techniques, one representative of an elite sprint athlete, and the other of a sub-elite athlete. The maximum speed of the model increased when using the swing leg technique of the elite athlete compared with the technique of the sub-elite athlete (10.2 m s-1 vs 9.3 m s-1). This improvement in performance was due to greater horizontal displacement of the mass centre during stance (0.861 m vs 0.814 m), and an increase in average vertical ground force of 51 N (0.06 bodyweights). The increase in vertical force was due to a larger impact peak caused by more negative vertical momentum of the stance leg at touchdown, and subsequently greater torques in the joints of the stance leg which were placed in faster eccentric conditions and at angles closer to optimum during the first half of stance. It is likely that force increases in early stance associated with swing leg technique contribute to the asymmetrical vertical ground reaction force traces observed in elite sprinters.In rapidly developing countries, it is imperative to study the changes in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation for planning waste management and treatment. This study took the largest 11 economies in the world as cases, comprising half of the global population, analyzed the variations of definition of MSW among these economies. Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and using parametric model, Feasible General Least Squares (FGLS) regression, and nonparametric models, Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs), it was expected that the change features and its socioeconomic drivers of total MSW generation and per capita MSW (PCMSW) since the 1960s would be determined. Efforts were also made to find the turning/stabilizing point in the relationship between PCMSW and per capita gross domestic product (PCGDP) in each economy. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/plerixafor-8hcl-db06809.html It shows that population has the most important impact on total MSW, however, the economic indicators might be ignored. The United States and Germany have the highest PCMSW generation, while China and India indicate the lowest. The turning/stabilizing point in the relationship between PCMSW and PCGDP perfermed in most developed economies, Singapore and Korea reached the turning point around 1990, while for other developed economies it was 2000. Germany came to a stabilizing point in 1990, and with some arbitrary, so did the United States. The developing economies seem to be still in their early stage of the potential EKC. In developed economies, heterogeneous time effects on PCMSW seem to be more significant than heterogeneous income effects, which is contrary to developing economies.Diesel vehicle is an important source of black carbon (BC). A portable emission measurement system including a photo-acoustic extinctiometer and SEMTECH-LDV was used to measure the real-world emissions of 14 light-duty and heavy-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs and HDDTs, meeting the China IV and China V standards) in Beijing. BC emission factors and the BC/PM2.5 ratio were obtained, and the effects of the vehicle type, emission standard and driving cycle on emissions were analyzed. The tightening of emission standards and the advancement of vehicle technology have reduced BC emissions from the China II standard to the China V standard. The emission reductions of BC are lower than those of other components of PM2.5 from the China II standard to the China IV standard but higher from the China IV standard to the China V standard. The BC and PM2.5 had the same main sources for the HDDTs and China IV LDDTs but had different sources for the China V LDDTs having diesel particulate filters. The BC/PM2.5 ratios of LDDTs, and HDDTs decreased from the China IV standard to the China V standard by 97.2% and 38.2%, respectively. The BC/PM2.5 ratio for China V LDDTs was 10 to 20 times lower than that for other diesel vehicles. The BC emissions tested under the highway driving cycle were 39.4% ± 16.7% lower than those under the no-highway driving cycle, but the BC/PM2.5 ratios had the opposite tendency. More China V and China VI heavy-duty diesel vehicles equipped with diesel particulate filters need to be tested to obtain more accurate BC/PM2.5 data and to improve the readiness of emission inventory calculations. The findings of this study help clarify the BC emission characteristics of diesel vehicles on actual roads and provide scientific basis for the formulation of emission control strategies for diesel vehicles in China.This study investigates the drivers of water use efficiency (WUE), a key metric of water resources management, and its changes over eight regions across China from 1982 to 2015 based on gross primary production (GPP) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) datasets. The order of seasonal change of WUE from large to small is autumn, summer, spring and winter. The drivers include seven variables, air temperature, specific humidity, precipitation, short-wave radiation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), soil moisture and CO2. Our analysis suggests that the sensitivity of annual average NDVI to WUE changes was high nationwide, but there were some differences in seasonal scales. The annual average contribution of air temperature and CO2 affecting WUE change was relatively high in China's largest area (SW, SE, E, NP). Other influencing factors were only relatively high in the local area. Seasonally, NDVI is the driving factor with the highest contribution rate in summer and autumn for NC and NW region. The seasonal contribution rates of driving factors in other regions are significantly different. For the study period (1982-2015), the shrubland ecosystem had the highest annual WUE followed by forest and cropland. The WUE of the farmland ecosystem was higher than that of the grassland ecosystem in most areas.Construction machinery accounts for a large share of the non-road machinery market and is an important pollutant source. In this study, real-world emission tests were undertaken on 16 excavators and 19 wheel loaders by using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) to obtain their real-world engine performance and emission factors. The typical operating modes were categorized as idling, moving and working modes. The results show that in the working mode, the engine continuously operated at a high speed, high torque and high load factor, which led to sharp up and down CO, HC, NOx and particle number (PN) emissions. As the emission standards were strengthened, the CO, HC and NOx emissions clearly decreased, and the excavators and wheel loaders showed a higher emission level in the moving mode. A comparison of the excavator and wheel loader in China III displayed that the CO, HC, and NOx total emission factors of the wheel loader were 10.20, 2.70 and 1.79 times higher than those of the excavator, respectively, so the wheel loader contributed more seriously to environmental pollution. The CO and HC measured emission factors of the excavators and wheel loaders were 0.05-1.38 times and 0.13-0.58 times higher than the corresponding Limitation and the recommended values from the national emission inventory Guideline. However, the NOx emission factors were 1.20-3.25 times higher than the corresponding Limitation and the recommended value from the Guideline, which means that the recommended values overestimate CO and HC, and underestimate NOx. A comparison of the emission factors of the excavators and wheel loaders in this study with others demonstrate that the CO and HC power-based emission factors were generally lower, but the NOx emission factor was higher.Biosafety has become one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses have had a huge impact on public health. In addition, non-severe polluted air quality has gradually become the norm; however, literature on the impacts of bioaerosols under long-term exposure to low concentrations of PM2.5 in China is limited. This study analyzed the evolution of the PM2.5 bacterial community in the Huairou district of Beijing under different pollution conditions. We used high-throughput sequencing to seasonally analyze samples over a year (from July 2018 to May 2019) and winter samples from different years (2015, 2016, 2018, and 2019). The results showed that the bacterial diversity and community composition of PM2.5 were significantly different in different seasons, whereas under different pollution levels, there were no significant differences. During the observation period, the number of bacterial species decreased with the increase in pollution; however, a high proportion of bacteria can exist as core species under different pollution levels for a long time.