Thorpevedel7051
It remains hesitant to include a two-dose varicella vaccine (VarV) in a national routine immunization program in China. We aimed to quantify the impact of the two-dose VarV on varicella incidence in Shanghai.
We directly extracted the data of varicella cases and VarV doses in 2013-2020 in Shanghai, and then estimated the effects of two-dose VarV using a Serfling model.
A two-dose VarV immunization program has been extensively implemented since October 2017 and become free since August 2018 in Shanghai. Before and after this program, varicella cases significantly declined in children (P<0.01), whereas did not in adults aged >18years (P=0.22). Compared to the predicted number of varicella cases, actual number was significantly lower by 8% in 2018 and 28% in 2019. Among children aged 4-6years, the reduction in varicella cases was largest. CM 4620 mouse Moreover, there was a significant reduction in varicella cases throughout 2020 (P<0.001), in which the decrease due to social distancing for the COVID-19 was 54%.
A two-dose VarV immunization program may further reduce approximately one-third of varicella cases in Shanghai. Children <4years and adults benefit less in this program, which warrants enhancing the immunization.
A two-dose VarV immunization program may further reduce approximately one-third of varicella cases in Shanghai. Children less then 4 years and adults benefit less in this program, which warrants enhancing the immunization.
Primary or secondary mutations in
or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (
) underlie tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in most GI stromal tumors (GISTs). Avapritinib selectively and potently inhibits KIT- and PDGFRA-mutant kinases. In the phase I NAVIGATOR study (NCT02508532), avapritinib showed clinical activity against PDGFRA D842V-mutant and later-line KIT-mutant GIST. VOYAGER (NCT03465722), a phase III study, evaluated efficacy and safety of avapritinib versus regorafenib as third-line or later treatment in patients with unresectable or metastatic GIST.
VOYAGER randomly assigned patients 11 to avapritinib 300 mg once daily (4 weeks continuously) or regorafenib 160 mg once daily (3 weeks on and 1 week off). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) by central radiology per RECIST version 1.1 modified for GIST. Secondary end points included objective response rate, overall survival, safety, disease control rate, and duration of response. Regorafenib to avapritinib crossovernts with molecularly unselected, late-line GIST.
The VIT-0910 trial was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of the vincristine-irinotecan combination with and without temozolomide (VIT and VI, respectively) in relapsed or refractory rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).
In this randomized European phase II trial, patients age 0.5-50 years received 21-day cycles combining vincristine (1.5 mg/m
once a day on day 1 and day 8) and irinotecan (50 mg/m
once a day from day 1 to day 5) with and without temozolomide (125 mg/m
once a day from day 1 to day 5 and 150 mg/m
once a day from cycle 2), until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was objective response rate after two cycles. Secondary end points included best response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and adverse events. A Simon 2-stage design was initially planned to separately analyze 40 patients/arm. After amendment, the trial sample size was increased to 120 and a comparison between arms, adjusted for confounding factors, was added to the statistical plan (ClinicalTratric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Group and will be the control arm in the next randomized trial.
The addition of temozolomide to VI improved chemotherapy efficacy for patients with relapsed RMS, with manageable increase in toxicity. VIT is considered the new standard treatment in these patients in the European paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Group and will be the control arm in the next randomized trial.
Evidence has suggested that after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), individuals exhibit patellar malalignment; however, it is unknown if patellar alignment changes over time.
To examine the longitudinal changes in patellar alignment before, 6 months after, and 3 years after ACLR and to compare these variations, if present, with patellar alignment in controls.
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
A total of 35 patients who had ACLR using hamstring autograft (19 male; age, 29.9 ± 7.7 years; body mass index, 23.8 ± 2.5) and 20 controls (13 male; age, 30.4 ± 4.8 years; body mass index, 24.3 ± 2.7) participated. All patients underwent bilateral knee magnetic resonance imaging with the knee in extension and 30° of flexion using sagittal T2-weighted, fat-saturated fast spin-echo images to assess patellar alignment in 6 degrees of freedom anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and superior-inferior translations; flexion; tilt; and spin. Patients who had ACLR were assessed before (ACL-deficies also observed at 6 months after ACLR compared with the control group (
= .019). Less lateral spin was observed at the ACL-deficient state (
= .042) and 6 months after ACLR (
= .004) compared with 3 years after ACLR and compared with the control group (
= .004 for both). No patellar alignment measures in the ACLR knees at 3 years were significantly different from those of the controls.
Patellar malalignment in individuals before and after ACLR subjected to longitudinal changes, and the differences in alignment between ACLR and controls diminished over 3 years.
Patellar malalignment in individuals before and after ACLR subjected to longitudinal changes, and the differences in alignment between ACLR and controls diminished over 3 years.
Cancer is a growing public health issue in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), but the mental health consequences in this setting have not been well-characterized. We aimed to systematically evaluate the available literature on the prevalence, associates, and treatment of mental disorders in patients with cancer in LLMICs.
We systematically searched Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence of major depression or anxiety disorders in this population, defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases criteria. We qualitatively reviewed studies that examined the prevalence of depressive or anxiety disorders defined by self-report tools, the prevalence of other mental disorders, associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and the treatment of mental disorders in this population.
Forty studies spanning a 15-year period were included in the review. Thendings demonstrate the existence of a significant and underappreciated disease burden. We suggest that clinicians remain vigilant to psychiatric symptoms. Improved screening and treatment are likely to improve quality of life and reduce both morbidity and mortality.
TIMAP (TGF-β-inhibited membrane-associated protein) is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). The N-terminal region contains a binding motif for the catalytic subunit of PP1 (PP1c) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Phosphorylation of TIMAP on Ser331, Ser333 and Ser337 side chains was shown to regulate the activity of the TIMAP-PP1c complex. Several studies, however, reported an additional side chain of TIMAP. Ser69 is located near to the PP1c binding motif and NLS, therefore, we hypothesized that the phosphorylation of this side chain perhaps may regulate the interaction between TIMAP and PP1c, or may affect the nuclear transport of TIMAP.
To study the significance of Ser69 phosphorylation, GST-tagged or c-myc-tagged wild type, phosphomimic S69D and phosphonull S69A recombinant TIMAP proteins were expressed in bacteria or endothelial cells, respectively. Protein-protein interactions of the wild type or mutant forms of TIMAP were studied by pull-down and Western blot. Localization of bility of TIMAP.
Current spirometry quality grading for individuals 7 years and older include within test repeatability thresholds up to 250mls, which may be inappropriately wide for children.
1) To develop, internally validate and implement a quality grading algorithm for FEV1 and FVC for school-age children 2) to compare the algorithm to the one proposed by the American Thoracic Society (ATS).
We conducted a review of existing algorithms and obtained expert input. A pediatric quality grading algorithm was drafted and modified in an iterative process until consensus was achieved; the main difference to current criteria being tighter volume repeatability for the pediatric quality grading. Four pulmonary function technicians evaluated the inter-rater agreement of the algorithm in a blinded fashion on an unselected consecutive sample of 87 pre-bronchodilator spirometry tests, and the grades compared with the ATS algorithm in the same sample of spirometry tests. The algorithm was then implemented into the workflow of the paller ranges of expired volumes to define repeatability is feasible and may be more appropriate in a pediatric pulmonary function laboratory.
Patellar tendinopathy is a common cause of limitations in daily life activities in young and/or active people. The patellar tendon consists of a complex of collagen fibers; therefore, collagen could be used as a scaffold in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy.
To evaluate the healing capacity of injected atelocollagen as a treatment scaffold for patellar tendon defect and, hence, its potential for the treatment of patellar tendinopathy.
Controlled laboratory study.
After receiving a full-thickness patellar tendon defect, 24 New Zealand White rabbits were divided into a control group (without treatment) and an experimental group that received an atelocollagen injection into the defect. Six rabbits from each group were subsequently used for either histologic scoring or biomechanical testing. The Mann-Whitney
test was used to compare histologic evaluation scores and load to failure between the 2 groups. Statistical significance was set at
< .05.
The experimental group showed excellent repair of the damaged patellar tendon and good remodeling of the defective area. In contrast, the control group showed defective healing with loose, irregular matrix fibers and adipose tissue formation. A statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups in both histologic scores and biomechanical tests at postoperative week 12.
Injection of atelocollagen significantly improved the regeneration of damaged patellar tendons.
Atelocollagen gel injections could be used to treat patellar tendinopathy in outpatient clinic settings.
Atelocollagen gel injections could be used to treat patellar tendinopathy in outpatient clinic settings.
The Southeast Asian tuberculosis burden is high, and it remains unclear if urban indoor air pollution in this setting is exacerbating the epidemic.
To determine the associations of latent tuberculosis with common urban indoor air pollution sources (secondhand smoke, indoor motorcycle emissions, and cooking) in Southeast Asia.
We enrolled child household contacts of patients with microbiologically confirmed active tuberculosis in Vietnam, July 2017-December 2019. We tested children for latent tuberculosis and evaluated air pollution exposures with questionnaires and personal aerosol sampling. We tested hypotheses using generalized estimating equations.
We enrolled 72 tuberculosis patients (27% with cavitary disease) and 109 of their child household contacts. Of household contacts, 58 (53%) were diagnosed with latent tuberculosis at baseline visit. Children experienced a 2.56-fold increased odds of latent tuberculosis for each additional household member who smoked (95%CI 1.27-5.16). Odds were highest among children exposed to indoor smokers and children under five years old exposed to household smokers.
