Thomaslawson0936

ficant amounts of vitamin E, although to a much lesser extent than leaves, and kept protected from lipid peroxidation during winter, as indicated by malondialdehyde contents, a product from secondary lipid peroxidation. It is concluded that vitamin E can help protect both leaves and rhizomes from lipid peroxidation, although cold stress during winter can cause transient photo-inhibition of the photosynthetic apparatus, in C. nodosa.

Oncolytic virotherapy is emerging as an important modality in cancer treatment. In a previous study, we designed and constructed Ad-Apoptin-hTERTp-E1a (Ad-VT), a dual cancer-selective anti-tumor recombinant adenovirus.

To explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant adenovirus Ad-VT together with Etoposide on small cell lung cancer, the ability of Ad-VT alone, Etoposide alone, and a combination of Ad-VT + Etoposide to inhibit proliferation of NCI-H446 and BEAS-2B cells was investigated using the WST-1 method. According to the inhibitory action of different combinations, a combination index (CI) was estimated by CalcuSyn software to select the best combination. The inhibitory effect of Ad-VT combined with Etoposide on NCI-H446 and BEAS-2B cells was detected by crystal violet staining and the CFST method. Hoechst, Annexin V and JC-1 staining were used to explore the inhibitory pathway of Ad-VT combined with Etoposide on NCI-H446 cells. The migratory and invasive abilities of treated NCI-H446 cells were assessed by Transwell and BioCat methods. Tumor volume, body weight and survival rate were measured to analyze the anti-tumor and toxic effects of different treatments in tumor-bearing mice.

Ad-VT (20 MOI) combined with Etoposide (400nM) significantly inhibited NCI-H446 cell proliferation with reduced toxicity of Etoposide to normal cells. Ad-VT induced apoptosis of NCI-H446 cells mainly through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, an effect significantly increased by the combined treatment. Ad-VT together with Etoposide significantly inhibited migration and invasion of NCI-H446 cells, inhibited tumor growth in vivo and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice.

The above results indicate that when combined with Etoposide, Ad-VT may have an important role in synergistically inhibiting tumors.

The above results indicate that when combined with Etoposide, Ad-VT may have an important role in synergistically inhibiting tumors.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the biliary tree is extremely rare, and biliary undifferentiated carcinoma mostly originates from the gallbladder. We herein present a case of anaplastic undifferentiated carcinoma of the hilar bile duct and reviewed the literature.

The patient was an 81-year-old male with obstructive jaundice. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a protruded tumor located at the hepatic hilum. Obstructive jaundice was relieved by endoscopic drainage. Endoscopic biopsy revealed carcinoma without glandular differentiation, and the patient was diagnosed with resectable hilar undifferentiated carcinoma. During the 5-week preoperative examination, the tumor increased in size from 23 to 45mm. Left hemi-hepatectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection were performed, and there were no postoperative complications. Histological findings demonstrated that the tumor was mainly composed of non-cohesive polygonal neoplasms with pleomorphic nuclei, and was diagnosed as anaplastic undifferentiated carcinoma of the common hepatic duct (T2a N0 M0 Stage II). One month after surgery, the patient was readmitted to our hospital with pyrexia due to cholangitis, and liver nodules suggestive of multiple liver metastases were detected by CT. Three months after surgery, the patient died of multiple liver metastases.

This is the first case report of undifferentiated cholangiocarcinoma with anaplastic features. Anaplastic undifferentiated carcinoma of the hilar bile duct showed preoperative rapid growth and early relapse despite a cancer-negative surgical margin.

This is the first case report of undifferentiated cholangiocarcinoma with anaplastic features. Anaplastic undifferentiated carcinoma of the hilar bile duct showed preoperative rapid growth and early relapse despite a cancer-negative surgical margin.Street dust samples were collected from industrial and commercial cities (Jamshedpur and Ranchi during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons) for detecting the levels of Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Co, Al, and Mn. The industrial city recorded higher metal concentrations compared to commercial. Similar trend of pseudo-total metal concentrations was observed in both the seasons at industrial city (Al > Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd) and only monsoon season at commercial city (Al > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd). Zn > Cd was the most bioaccessible metal throughout the cities (monsoon and post-monsoon). Epinephrine bitartrate supplier The geochemical parameters (Igeo, EF, CF) were highest for Cd and lowest for Ni (both cities for the two seasons). Pollution Load Indices (PLI zone) were highest during the post-monsoon season in the industrial city. The highest carcinogenic risk was posed by Cr ranging from 1.87E-05 to 4.80E-05, in both the cities through ingestion and inhalation pathways. Children were found at higher risks, while the bioaccessible fractions posed neither carcinogenic nor non-carcinogenic threats to the population. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis indicated the influence of vehicular and industrial emissions, especially steel industry and coal-based thermal power plants as the major source of metals in street-dust. The outcomes of this work will be useful in providing baseline information of pollution along with their consequent environmental and human health risks of Jharkhand state.

This study aimed to evaluate the one-year outcomes of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a rescue treatment for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) refractory to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Patients with AMD refractory to anti-VEGF therapy, treated with "rescue-PDT" were retrospectively investigated. The time of PDT was defined as the baseline value. Baseline characteristics including sex, age, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and foveal choroidal thickness (FCT) were examined. The changes in BCVA, CMT, and recurrence were also assessed at the 1-year follow-up. The logMAR VA change of 0.3 or more was defined as "improved" or "declined."

Twenty-three consecutive eyes (typical AMD 10 eyes, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy 10 eyes, and pachychoroid neovasculopathy 3 eyes), which underwent "rescue-PDT," were analyzed in this study. The BCVA was improved in three patients and maintained in 20 patients at 12months after PDT (mean BCVA change 0.11 ± 0.19). The CMT improved in 19 patients (82.6%), and the mean CMT changed from 318.5 ± 93.7μm to 225.9 ± 51.6μm (p < 0.01) 12months after PDT. "Retreatment" of anti-VEGF drug injections was considered if the retinal fluid or retinal hemorrhage recurred after PDT. The baseline FCT of the "retreatment group (15 eyes)" was significantly lower than that of the "no retreatment group (8 eyes)" (206.3 ± 50.7μm vs 293.9 ± 85.7μm p = 0.033).

PDT could be an effective treatment option for anti-VEGF refractory AMD to maintain visual acuity and control retinal fluid for up to 12months.

PDT could be an effective treatment option for anti-VEGF refractory AMD to maintain visual acuity and control retinal fluid for up to 12 months.

This study aims to design an eye model that can simulate the fundus for teaching direct ophthalmoscopy and to evaluate its effectiveness.

We first used 3D printing materials to make an eye model and then randomly assigned 92 undergraduates into group A (model-assisted training group) and group B (traditional training group) to test our model. After the same training time, real patients were used to test the students, with 120 s as the examination time limit. We recorded the students' ability to clearly see the optic disk, the time to determine the cup-to-disk ratio, and whether they were correct.

Forty-three students in group A (93.48%) successfully saw the fundus, while 21 in group B (45.65%) succeeded. The difference between the two groups was 47.83% (95% confidence interval, 29.59-66.07%, P < 0.0001). The median time to see the fundus was 29s (95% confidence interval 23-45 s) in group A, while an estimated minimum time in group B was 80 s, indicating that group A was significantly faster than group B (P < 0.0001).

This 3D-printed eye model significantly improved the students' study interest, study efficiency, and study results and is worthy of being promoted.

This 3D-printed eye model significantly improved the students' study interest, study efficiency, and study results and is worthy of being promoted.Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are essential to propagate external visual information from the retina to the brain. Death of RGCs is speculated to be closely correlated with blinding retinal diseases, such as glaucoma and traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Emerging innovative technologies have helped refine and standardize the classification of RGCs; at present, they are classified into more than 40 subpopulations in mammals. These RGC subtypes are identified by a combination of anatomical morphologies, electrophysiological functions, and genetic profiles. Increasing evidence suggests that neurodegenerative diseases do not collectively affect the RGCs. In fact, which RGC subtype exhibits the strongest or weakest susceptibility is hotly debated. Although a consensus has not yet been reached, it is certain that assorted RGCs display differential susceptibility against irreversible degeneration. Interestingly, a single RGC subtype can exhibit various vulnerabilities to optic nerve damage in diverse injury models. Thus, elucidating how susceptible RGC subtypes are to various injuries can protect vulnerable RGCs from damage and improve the possibility of preventing and treating visual impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize in detail the progress and status quo of research on the type-specific susceptibility of RGCs and point out current limitations and the possible directions for future research in this field.

In this study, we evaluated the visual results and complication rates of the novel technique of sutureless scleral fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) surgery in patients without capsular support.

In this retrospective study, patients who did not have adequate capsular support and who underwent sutureless SFIOL between 2013 and 2017 at the University of Health Science Dr. Lütfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital's Eye Clinic were included. Preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), perioperative and postoperative complications, surgical indications, previous surgeries, and surgical procedures were evaluated.

The study included 131 eyes of 162 patients who underwent sutureless SFIOL surgery. Thirty-one patients were excluded from the study because of missing data. The mean age of the patients was 61.5 ± 23.2years, 72 of whom were female, and the mean follow-up period was 24.3 ± 11.4months. When all the patients were evaluated together, the preoperative mean BCVA was 1.11 ± 1.