Thomasenfitzsimmons7780

Methods The study involved a cross-sectional survey carried out from October 2015 to February 2016 among 1504 subjects aged from 18 to 75 years of age. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to select the most effective anthropometric cut-off point among waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and BMI for identifying prediabetic and diabetes. Statistical significance was declared at p value of ≤0.05. Results Waist circumference was found better for identifying diabetes (AUC = 0.69) and prediabetes (AUC = 0.63) in women, respectively. Waist-to-hip ratio was better identifying diabetes (AUC = 0.67) while waist circumference-to-height ratio was better identifying prediabetes (AUC = 0.63) in men compared to body mass index. The optimal cut-off point with maximum sensitivity and specificity of waist circumference for identifying diabetes and prediabetes was 83.5 cm and 82.9 cm in women, respectively. The optimal ut-off point with maximum sensitivity and specificity of waist-to-hip ratio for identifying diabetes and prediabetes was 0.97 and 0.82 in men, respectively. Conclusion Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio exhibited better discriminate performance than BMI for identifying prediabetes and diabetes in women and men, respectively. Copyright © 2020 Ataklti Gebertsadik Woldegebriel et al.Edible insects have emerged as an inexpensive alternative source of protein for reducing the burden of malnutrition worldwide. However, there is a dearth of evidence on its efficacy, and thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of edible insect consumption on the nutritional status of female Wistar albino rats. The study assessed the subchronic effect of palm weevil larvae (PWL) and orange-fleshed sweet potato- (OFSP-) enriched biscuits (fortified biscuits (FB), plain biscuits (PB), biscuits fortified with PWL (PWB), and biscuits fortified with OFSP only (SPB)) as a model to predict the potential of PWL to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women in Ghana. Twenty-five female Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to five experimental groups to receive one of the five feed supplements for 28 days. After which, the effects of treatment on haematological and biochemical parameters including lipid profile were assessed. No significant differences were observed with haematological (Hb) parameters. However, total cholesterol levels of the FB, PB, PWB, and SPB were significantly higher than in the N group. Apart from elevated total cholesterol concentrations, biscuits fortified with PWL had no adverse effects and can be a nutritious snack for maintaining acceptable HB levels. Copyright © 2020 Jessica Ayensu et al.Diagnostic tools used in detecting individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) include fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The present study was aimed to determine the demographic associations of diabetes status by both tests (FPG and HbA1C) in Galle district, Sri Lanka. 147 adults (30-60 years) who are having FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL underwent demographic evaluations and testing for HbA1C. Group 01 (diabetes status diagnosed by both tests) and group 2 (diabetes status diagnosed only by FPG) were compared using independant sample t-test and chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to study the association between the demographic factors and the diabetes status by both tests. Of the 147 study subjects, 38.1% were males, 61.9% were females, and 63.3% had a family history of diabetes among first-degree relatives (FDR). Mean age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), FPG, and HbA1C of the participants were 48.4 ± 7.2 years, 25.1 ± 4.0 kg/m2, 88.8 ± 9.0 cm, 139.4 ± 30.1 mg/dL, and 6.4 ± 0.7%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes based on both tests was 55.1%. Terephthalic molecular weight There is a significant difference in mean BMI and WC while no significant differences in mean age between groups 01 and 02. No association was seen between gender and diabetes status (X 2(1) = 0.086, p=0.770), while a significant difference was observed between DM among FDR and diabetes status (X 2(1) = 33.215, p less then 0.001). Significance of odds of having diabetes by both tests with rising BMI (OR = 1.97, CI 1.15-3.36, p=0.013) and DM among FDR (OR = 7.95, CI 3.54-17.88, p=0.000) was seen. We conclude rising BMI and having DM among FDR are strongly associated with diabetes status diagnosed by both tests of FPG and HbA1C in community screening. Copyright © 2020 Keddagoda Gamage Piyumi Wasana et al.The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight is considered a public health issue in both developed and developing countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Ghana. A multiple database search was conducted for articles published between January 1, 2001, and October 31, 2019, reporting the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Ghana. Databases searched include PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, World Health Organization (WHO) Library Information System, and Africa Journals Online. Data were pooled from the articles to calculate an overall estimate of childhood obesity and overweight using a random-effects model after variance stabilization with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Sixteen studies with a combined sample size of 29,160 were included in the review. Analysis indicates that approximately 19% of children in Ghana either have obesity or are overweight. The prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight was 8.6% (95% CI 4.8%-13.4%) and 10.7% (95% CI 5.9%-16.6%), respectively. Although not significant, higher obesity (4.6% vs. 2.6%) and overweight (11.0% vs. 7.2%) prevalence were estimated for females than for males. There was a significantly higher obesity prevalence estimate (17.4% vs. 8.9%) in rural settings than in urban settings (p=0.0255). The high prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight estimated in this review is of worrying concern. It is a significant public health problem that has implications on the health of present and future generations in Ghana and as such calls for proactive measures to be put in place. Also, the driving forces behind the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in Ghana need to be investigated. Copyright © 2020 Prince Kwaku Akowuah and Emmanuel Kobia-Acquah.