Thiesenpritchard8905

3.59 ± 0.40, P > .05). pH determined from both methods were in good agreement, with their difference within 0.1. CONCLUSIONS Pulse-APT MRI provides highly pH-specific mapping for acute stroke imaging. © 2020 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by histological hallmarks including steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis that result from complex interrelated pathophysiological events in the context of chronic alcohol exposure. Several studies have shown that alcohol-induced oxidative stress is a key event in the pathogenesis of ALD. Thus, continuous alcohol exposure is associated with a marked induction of microsomal cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) leading to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes that promote depletion of the hepatic antioxidant tripeptide glutathione. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Work-related solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The World Health Organization, through the International Agency for Research on Cancer, has classified solar UVR as a group 1 carcinogen since 2012. The main problems encountered so far in the study of occupationally induced skin cancer include the lack of accurate occupational UVR dosimetry as well as insufficient distinction between occupational and leisure UVR exposure and underreporting of NMSC. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to collect long-term individual UVR measurements in outdoor workers across European countries. METHODS A prospective study was initiated through the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Healthy Skin@Work Campaign, measuring UVR exposure doses at occupational settings of masons from five European countries. Measurements were performed for several consecutive months using the GENESIS-UV measurement system. RESULTS The results identified alarming UVR exposure data. Average daily UVR doses ranged 148.40-680.48 J/m2 in Romania, 342.4-640.8 J/m2 in Italy, 165.5-466.2 J/m2 in Croatia, 41.8-473.8 J/m2 in Denmark and 88.15-400.22 J/m2 in Germany. Results showed an expected latitude dependence with increasing UVR yearly dosage from the north to the south of Europe. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that outdoor workers from EU countries included in this study are exposed to high levels of occupational solar UVR, vastly exceeding the occupational exposure limits for solar UVR exposure, considered to be 1-1.33 SED/day in the period from May to September. This finding may serve as an evidence-based recommendation to authorities on implementing occupational skin cancer prevention strategies. © 2020 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.PURPOSE It is more difficult to perceive the direction of motion of larger, high contrast patterns than smaller, low contrast patterns due to spatial suppression. Spatial suppression of motion is considered important to the segmentation of moving objects in the visual environment. Previous studies have shown that such spatial suppression of motion is reduced in older adults in central vision, to the extent that older adults can have better sensitivity than younger adults for foveally presented stimuli. Our study was designed to explore whether spatial suppression of motion is similarly reduced for older adults in parafoveal regions and whether divided attention impacts on suppression strength because attention is known to impact on spatial interactions. METHODS Twenty younger (19-34 years) and 18 older (61-77 years) adults completed a single task, where observers identified the direction of a drifting Gabor patch of variable size (σ of the Gaussian envelope = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4°) presented at 10 degrees of visuahors Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics © 2020 The College of Optometrists.Two renal-risk variants in the apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) in African American (AA) deceased donors (DD) are associated with shorter renal allograft survival after transplantation. To identify additional genes contributing to allograft survival, a genome-wide association study was performed in 532 AA DDs. Phenotypic data were obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Association and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-by-APOL1 interaction tests were conducted using death-censored renal allograft survival accounting for relevant covariates. Replication and inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis were performed using data from 250 AA DD in the Genomics of Transplantation study. Accounting for APOL1, multiple SNPs near the Nudix Hydrolase 7 gene (NUDT7) showed strong independent effects (p=1.6x10-8 -2.2x10-8 ). Ac-DEVD-CHO chemical structure Several SNPs in the Translocation protein SEC63 homolog (SEC63; p=2x10-9 -3.7x10-8 ) and plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) genes (p=4.0x10-8 -7x10-8 ) modified the effect of APOL1 on allograft survival. SEC63 is expressed in human renal tubule cells and glomeruli and PVT1 is associated with diabetic kidney disease. Overall, associations were detected for 41 SNPs (p=2x10-9 -5x10-8 ) contributing independently or interacting with APOL1 to impact renal allograft survival after transplantation from AA DD. Given the small sample size of the discovery and replication sets, independent validations and functional genomic efforts are needed to validate these results. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.About 339 million people worldwide are suffering from asthma. We aimed to investigate whether exposure to formaldehyde (FA) is associated with asthma, which could provide clues for preventive and mitigation actions. This article provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to assess the association between indoor FA exposure and the risk of asthma in children and adults. An electronic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed to collect all relevant studies published before January 1, 2020, and a total of 13 papers were included in this meta-analysis. A random-effect model was conducted to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) between FA exposure and asthma. We found that each 10 µg/m3 increase in FA exposure was significantly associated with a 10% increase in the risk of asthma in children (OR=1.10, 95% confidence interval=1.00-1.21). We sorted the FA concentrations reported in the selected articles and categorized exposure variables into low (FA≤22.5µg/m3 ) and high exposure (FA >22.5 µg/m3 ) according to the median concentration of FA. In the high exposure adult group, FA exposure may also be associated with an increased risk of asthma (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.18-2.78). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances and nocturnal hypokinesia are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent work using wearable technologies showed fewer nocturnal movements in PD when compared with controls. However, it is unclear how these manifest across the disease spectrum. OBJECTIVES We assessed the prevalence of sleep disturbances and nocturnal hypokinesia in early and advanced PD and their relation to nonmotor symptoms and dopaminergic medication. METHODS A total of 305 patients with PD with diverse disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr [H&Y] stage 1 = 47, H&Y stage 2 = 181, H&Y stage 3 = 77) and 205 healthy controls continuously wore a tri-axial accelerometer on the lower back for at least 2 days. Lying, turning, and upright -time at night were extracted from the acceleration signals. Percent upright time and nighttime walking were classified as sleep interruptions. The number, velocity, time, side, and degree of rotations in bed were used to evaluate nocturnal movements. RESULTS Nocturnal lying time was similar among all groups (healthy controls, 7.5 ± 1.2 hours; H&Y stage 1, 7.3 ± 0.9 hours; H&Y stage 2, 7.2 ± 1.3 hours; H&Y stage 3, 7.4 ± 1.6 hours; P = 0.501). However, patients with advanced PD had more upright periods, whereas the number and velocity of their turns were reduced (P ≤ 0.021). Recently diagnosed patients ( less then 1 year from diagnosis) were similar to controls in the number of nocturnal turns (P = 0.148), but showed longer turning time (P = 0.001) and reduced turn magnitude (P = 0.002). Reduced nocturnal movements were associated with increased PD motor severity and worse dysautonomia and cognition and with dopaminergic medication. CONCLUSIONS Using wearable sensors for continuous monitoring of movement at night may offer an unbiased measure of disease severity that could enhance optimal nighttime dopaminergic treatment and utilization of turning strategies. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.PURPOSE It has been shown, theoretically and in vivo, that using the Stejskal-Tanner pulsed-gradient, or linear tensor encoding (LTE), and in tissue exhibiting a "stick-like" diffusion geometry, the direction-averaged diffusion-weighted MRI signal at high b-values ( 7000 less then b less then 10000 s / mm 2 ) follows a power-law, decaying as 1 / b . It has also been shown, theoretically, that for planar tensor encoding (PTE), the direction-averaged diffusion-weighted MRI signal decays as 1/b. We aimed to confirm this theoretical prediction in vivo. We then considered the direction-averaged signal for arbitrary b-tensor shapes and different tissue substrates to look for other conditions under which a power-law exists. METHODS We considered the signal decay for high b-values for encoding geometries ranging from 2-dimensional PTE, through isotropic or spherical tensor encoding to LTE. When a power-law behavior was suggested, this was tested using in silico simulations and, when appropriate, in vivo using ultra-strong (300 mT/m) gradients. RESULTS Our in vivo results confirmed the predicted 1/b power law for PTE. Moreover, our analysis showed that using an axisymmetric b-tensor a power-law only exists under very specific conditions (a) "stick-like" tissue geometry and purely LTE or purely PTE waveforms; and (b) "pancake-like" tissue geometry and a purely LTE waveform. CONCLUSIONS A complete analysis of the power-law dependencies of the diffusion-weighted signal at high b-values has been performed. Only three specific forms of encoding result in a power-law dependency, pure linear and pure PTE when the tissue geometry is "stick-like" and pure LTE when the tissue geometry is "pancake-like". The different exponents of these encodings could be used to provide independent validation of the presence of different tissue geometries in vivo. © 2020 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.OBJECTIVES The use of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measured outside clinical trials is not well defined. We report the first analysis of the prospective PRO study within the Swedish acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) registries. METHODS PRO was requested 6 months after diagnosis. The EORTC Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30-item, the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), and questions from a Swedish National Cancer Questionnaire were used. RESULTS An invitation letter was sent to 398 patients; 255 (64%) responded, 60% web-based, and 40% on paper. The ALL cohort had lower physical, role and social functioning, higher symptom burden, and more financial difficulties compared to the AML cohort. A PHQ-8 score ≥ 10p, which indicates depression, was reported in 18% of the patients; 33% of these patients reported being prescribed antidepressants. The patients' overall experience of care was satisfying, but more psychological and practical support was desired. There was no difference in survival between patients who reported their PRO and those who did not.