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These results suggest that bariatric surgery is efficient to resolve EIH, particularly in women with initially a better anthropometric profile.

These results suggest that bariatric surgery is efficient to resolve EIH, particularly in women with initially a better anthropometric profile.Silver Russell syndrome (SRS) is a congenital disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), feeding difficulties and postnatal growth retardation. In a small number of cases, PLAG1 variants have been described (OMIM #618907). PLAG1 haploinsufficiency decreases Insulin-like growth factor 2 expression and produces a Silver Russell syndrome-like phenotype. Here, we describe the phenotype and molecular features of a 26 months girl with clinical features of SRS, and a de novo 2.1 Mb deletion encompassing PLAG1 is reported in association with clinical features suggestive of SRS.

We aimed to identify key barriers to Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) promotion and infant diarrhea prevention services delivered by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in rural India.

A case-study was conducted across nine tribal villages in Banswara district (Rajasthan), where in-depth observational and qualitative data was collected from frontline health workers and infant caregivers.

ASHAs' prioritization of their incentive-based link-worker tasks over their health activist roles, limited community mobilization, and lack of monitoring of such activities hindered the delivery of WASH promotion and infant diarrhea prevention services. Caregivers' lack of trust in ASHA's health knowledge and preference for private providers and traditional healers also hindered the uptake of ASHA's health promotion services.

Strengthening ASHAs' health activism roles and building trust on frontline health workers' knowledge among tribal communities will be the key to address the determinants of child malnutrition and stunting and accelerate progress towards the national development agenda.

Strengthening ASHAs' health activism roles and building trust on frontline health workers' knowledge among tribal communities will be the key to address the determinants of child malnutrition and stunting and accelerate progress towards the national development agenda.

This is minimal information about the association of head growth at different stages of childhood with cognitive ability.

To determine the relationship of newborn head size and head growth during infancy, childhood and adolescence with attained education, a proxy for cognitive ability.

Prospective birth cohort study.

Married women living in South Delhi between 1969 and 1973.

The New Delhi Birth Cohort study followed up 8030 newborns born in 1969-1973 with head circumference, weight and height measurements at birth and 6-12 monthly until adulthood. Of these, 1526 men and women were followed up at the age of 26-32 years.

Association between years of schooling, as an indicator of cognitive ability, and newborn head circumference and conditional measures of head growth during infancy, childhood and adolescence.

In unadjusted analyses, newborn head size was positively associated with years of education [(β (95% CI) =0.30 (0.14 to 0.47) years per SD head circumference], as was head growth from birth to 6 months [β (95% CI) = 0.44 (0.28 to 0.60) years per SD conditional head growth], 6 months to 2 years [β (95% CI) = 0.31 (0.15 to 0.47) years per SD conditional head growth] and 2 to 11 years [β (95% CI) = 0.20 (0.03 to 0.36) years per SD conditional head growth]. There were similar findings for height and body mass index (BMI). In the adjusted model containing all growth measures, gestational age, and socio-economic status (SES) at birth as predictors, only SES was positively associated with educational attainment.

Educational attainment in this population is positively associated with socio-economic status and its influence on inter-related early life (fetal, infant and childhood) factors like nutritional status and brain growth.

Educational attainment in this population is positively associated with socio-economic status and its influence on inter-related early life (fetal, infant and childhood) factors like nutritional status and brain growth.

To study the outcomes of neonates back-referred from a tertiary care centre to special newborn care units (SNCUs) for step-down care.

This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care neonatal unit and SNCUs in neighbouring states. We studied preterm and term neonates back-referred to district SNCUs from September, 2018 to April, 2019. The infants were followed up till 3 months corrected age, for mortality, re-hospitalization, emergency visits and unscheduled outpatient visits. Preterm inborn neonates <32 weeks gestation discharged directly to home formed the controls.

201 back-referred neonates (study cohort) and 55 preterm neonates discharged to home (controls) were followed up till 3 months corrected age. Amongst the back-referred neonates, 5% died, 7% required re-hospitalization, 11% made emergency visits, and 24% unscheduled outpatient visits. These outcomes were similar to the controls.

Back-referral of convalescing neonates is a safe method of utilizing the limited healthcare resources in tertiary care centers in developing country settings.

Back-referral of convalescing neonates is a safe method of utilizing the limited healthcare resources in tertiary care centers in developing country settings.

To study the outcomes of neonates back-referred from a tertiary care centre to special newborn care units (SNCUs) for step-down care.

This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care neonatal unit and SNCUs in neighbouring states. We studied preterm and term neonates back-referred to district SNCUs from September, 2018 to April, 2019. The infants were followed up till 3 months corrected age, for mortality, re-hospitalization, emergency visits and unscheduled outpatient visits. Preterm inborn neonates <32 weeks gestation discharged directly to home formed the controls.

201 back-referred neonates (study cohort) and 55 preterm neonates discharged to home (controls) were followed up till 3 months corrected age. Amongst the back-referred neonates, 5% died, 7% required re-hospitalization, 11% made emergency visits, and 24% unscheduled outpatient visits. These outcomes were similar to the controls.

Back-referral of convalescing neonates is a safe method of utilizing the limited healthcare resources in tertiary care centers in developing country settings.

Back-referral of convalescing neonates is a safe method of utilizing the limited healthcare resources in tertiary care centers in developing country settings.Reference management softwares are a powerful tool in the researchers' armamentarium. They primarily help in resequencing, re-styling and reformatting of the citation content in the research manuscripts. They also enable multi-user collaboration on research and allow the researcher to manage database searches and digital libraries. Using these softwares allows synchronization of cloud based digital libraries on multiple electronic devices enabling remote access, and also allows for management of online portfolios. We, herein, describe the basic principles, functions, and limitations of various reference management sofares.

To document morbidities in adolescents with cystic fibrosis from India.

Details of children with cystic fibrosis surviving beyond 15 years of age were extracted from hospital records, and analyzed.

43 children [Median (IQR) age 18.7 (17, 20.6) years, were enrolled. Median (IQR) body mass index was 15.82 (13.5, 19.05) kg/m2. Pseudomonas species were isolated from respiratory specimens of 34 (79%) adolescents. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) were seen in 12 (28%) and 11 (26%) patients, respectively. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) were diagnosed in 15 (35%) and 6 (14%) children, respectively. Pseudomonas species colonization (P=0.04) and multiple pulmonary exacerbation in last one year (P=0.0002) were significant predictors of FEV1%.

Malnutrition, Chronic airway colonization, ABPA, CFRD, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, DIOS are morbidities observed in adolescents with CF in India. The data support the need for early screening of CF associated morbidities.

Malnutrition, Chronic airway colonization, ABPA, CFRD, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, DIOS are morbidities observed in adolescents with CF in India. The data support the need for early screening of CF associated morbidities.Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a severe childhood-onset inflammatory disease characterized by arthritis accompanied by systemic auto-inflammation and extra-articular symptoms. While recent advances have unraveled a range of risk factors, the pathomechanisms involved in SJIA and potential prognostic markers for treatment success remain partly unknown. In this study, we included 70 active SJIA and 55 healthy control patients from the National Center for Biotechnology Information to analyze for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using R. Functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and gene module construction were performed for DEGs and hub gene set. We additionally examined immune system cell composition with CIBERSORT and predicted prognostic markers and potential treatment drugs for SJIA. In total, 94 upregulated and 24 downregulated DEGs were identified. Two specific modules of interest and eight hub genes (ARG1, DEFA4, HP, MMP8, MMP9, MPO, OLFM4, PGLYRP1) were screened out. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that complex neutrophil-related functions play a decisive role in the disease pathogenesis. CIBERSORT indicated neutrophils, M0 macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and naïve B cells to be relevant drivers of disease progression. Additionally, we identified TPM2 and GZMB as potential prognostic markers for treatment response to canakinumab. Moreover, sulindac sulfide, (-)-catechin, and phenanthridinone were identified as promising treatment agents. This study provides a new insight into molecular and cellular pathogenesis of active SJIA and highlights potential targets for further research.The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic value of the two new grading systems based on the quantification of tumor budding - TB (GBd) and poorly differentiated clusters - PDCs (PDCs-G) in colorectal carcinomas (CRC). We performed a retrospective study on 71 CRC patients who underwent surgery at the Emergency County Hospital, Timișoara. CRC cases were classified based on haematoxylin-eosin slides, using the conventional grading system, GBd and PDCs-G, respectively. We used two-tier and three-tier grading schemes for each system. Subsequently, we evaluated associations with other prognostic factors in CRC. Taurocholic acid chemical Based on the three-tier GBd (GBd-3t) most cases (34/69, 49.27%) were classified as G3Bd-3t, while based on the conventional grading system, the majority of the cases (55/69, 79.71%) were considered G2. On the other hand, based on the three-tier PDCs-G system (PDCs-G-3t), most cases (31/69, 44.93%) were PDCs-G2-3t. We also noted a more significant association of GBd-3t with other prognostic parameters analyzed, as compared to the conventional grading system.