Therkildsenclark4991

Introduction Medical students must care for aging patients with growing medication lists and need training to address negative patient outcomes associated with polypharmacy. The literature shows that many trainees and practitioners are not confident in their abilities to care for this older population with complex medical conditions. We created an innovative simulation activity to teach safe, effective, and simplified medication management to second-year medical students. Methods We developed the brown bag medication reconciliation simulation to improve self-efficacy and knowledge for trainees working with older adults. The case example was an older patient who presented with his brown bag of medications and prefilled pillbox for a medication reconciliation with his provider. Teams of medical students identified his medication-management errors and determined strategies for resolution. We assessed learner self-efficacy, knowledge, and satisfaction. Results A class of 137 second-year medical students completed the simulation. The average number of learners confident about medication management in older adults increased overall by 41%, with a significant increase across all four self-efficacy domains (p less then .001). The average percentage of correctly answered knowledge questions significantly increased from 85% on the presurvey to 92% on the delayed postsurvey (p = .009). Learner open-ended feedback indicated high satisfaction with the simulation. Discussion The brown bag medication reconciliation simulation increased medical student self-efficacy and knowledge related to medication reconciliation and management for older adults. Interactive simulations like this one may be considered for inclusion in health science curricula to improve skills in medication reconciliation and management. Copyright © 2019 Hawley et al.Introduction Team-based learning (TBL) is an active learning strategy used at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in both the preclinical and clinical years of medical school. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) uses TBLs during a 6-week clinical clerkship. This TBL is the first in a series of six and was designed to teach the topic of normal obstetrics to third-year medical students. Methods Prior to the TBL, students were provided with learning objectives and a list of advance preparation resources. These resources included a reading assignment from the student textbook, as well as optional online videos and optional online interactive quizzes. The students then came to class and completed an individual readiness assurance test (iRAT) and a group readiness assurance test (gRAT). The majority of in-class time was spent working through complex application exercises in the form of case vignettes. The TBLs were facilitated by a faculty member in the OB/GYN department. Results Since its initiation in June 2018, 93 students have participated in this TBL activity. Fluspirilene The mean score on the iRAT was 88.9%, and the mean score on the gRAT was 98.8%. Ninety-eight percent of students reported that they were satisfied with this learning activity. Discussion This TBL was well received by students and unique in that it utilized a variety of types of advance preparation resources. With few other published OB/GYN TBLs available, we believe that this module could be a valuable resource for OB/GYN clerkships. Copyright © 2019 Sward and Tariq.The aim at this study was to determine the relationships among the lamb birth weight, the average cotyledon surface area (ACSA) and cotyledon size. Data were collected from 101 ewes. The general linear model and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical comparison and determination of relationships between variables. Average birth weight (BW), placental weight (PW), cotyledon number (CN), placental efficiency (PE), cotyledon density (CD), cotyledon efficiency (CE) and ACSA were 4.175 ± .09 , 448.8 ± 13.4 , 53.34 ± 1.9 , 9.65 ± .3 , 0.125 ± .00 , 10.66 ± .34 and 7.81 ± .19  cm 2 , respectively. There was no difference between BW and PE for parity; however, PW, CN, CD, CE and ACSA were affected ( p less then 0.05 ) by parity. ACSA was found to be the lowest ( 7.33 ± .99 ) with a parity of 2 and the highest ( 8.61 ± 1.5 ) with a parity of 4. Birth type affected significantly BW, CN, CD ( p less then 0.05 ), PW ( p less then 0.001 ) and ACSA ( p less then 0.01 ). As the parity progressed, cotyledon density decrease with parity, while CE increases.The birth type has a significant effect on BW, PW, CN and CD.There are positive correlations between the placental weight and large cotyledon number, cotyledon length and cotyledon width.ACSA can be used as an important parameter to increase the weight of lambs.Especially in multiple birthing, ACSA has been found to be a more determinant index to express uterine capacity instead of PE or CE. Copyright © 2020 Selçuk Özyürek and Doğan Türkyilmaz.SPARC is a cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein. It is a non-collagen component of bone, which is widely distributed in humans and animals and plays an important role. SPARC has been found in a variety of human cancers (breast cancer, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.) and diabetes-related research. Especially the muscle and fat metabolism are closely related. In this study, we used a DNA pool to detect a new SNP site (g.12454T  >  C). A total of 616 samples of four breeds of Qinchuan cattle (QC, n = 176 ), Xianan cattle (XN, n = 160 ), Pinan cattle (PN, n = 136 ) and Jiaxian cattle (JX, n = 144 ) were analyzed and identified with ARMS-PCR. In addition, we correlated SNP with growth traits and showed significant correlation with growth traits such as rump length, hip width, and body length ( p less then 0.05 ). Moreover, we tested the SPARC gene expression level in different tissues belonging to XN adult cattle ( n = 3 ) and found its high expression in muscle tissues (relative to the kidney). Further, we found the SNP is able to increase the SPARC expression level in skeletal muscle ( n = 12 ). According to statistical data, this SNP site may be applied to a molecular marker of an early marker-assisted selection for early growth of beef cattle. Copyright © 2020 Danyang Zhang et al.