Therkelsenadkins4091

However, during the rainy season, the surface water in the area was affected by saltwater intrusion, with salinity up to 4.1‰. Discriminant analysis was applied to study the differences among the water groups. As a result, the treated and tap water were separated from the others.To gain greater insights into impacts of bio-carriers on the fate and characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMPs) for mariculture wastewater treatment, the hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) and conventional membrane bioreactor (CMBR) were investigated. Both protein and polysaccharide exhibited lower level in HMBR (8.95 ± 0.28 mg/L and 20.49 ± 1.3 mg/L for anoxic stage, 5.16 ± 0.22 mg/L and 17.85 ± 0.92 mg/L for aerobic stage) than CMBR (14.6 ± 0.68 mg/L and 28.3 ± 2.99 mg/L for anoxic stage, 10.53 ± 0.68 and 26.04 ± 3.15 mg/L for aerobic stage). Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM) revealed bio-carriers reduced the production of aromatic protein-like components in anoxic and aerobic supernatant and caused a blue-shift of soluble microbial product in aerobic stage. Molecular weight (Mw) distribution indicated that bio-carriers ameliorated the excretion of biopolymer (Mw > 500 kDa) in anoxic supernatant and intermediate Mw fractions (20-500 kDa) in aerobic supernatant. Moreover, little changes were observed in SMPs with Mw less then 3 kDa down the whole treatment process of both systems. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated that the major SMPs were long-chain alkanes and aromatics in all units of both systems and fewer aromatics were detected in HMBR. For anoxic stage, more peaks were identified in the HMBR (138) than CMBR (115), while for aerobic stage, more compounds were observed in the CMBR (94) than HMBR (70). Over 50% of the compounds in the anoxic supernatant for the HMBR were the same as in the CMBR. And 27 compounds were the same in aerobic supernatant for the HMBR and CMBR. Fewer compounds in the HMBR effluent (52) was observed, compared to CMBR effluent (80). Approximately 25.7% of compounds in the aerobic stage of the HMBR were rejected by membrane, while this value decreased to 14.9% in the CMBR.Two TiO2-rGO nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal method from commercial TiO2 (P25 and Hombikat UV100, HBK). In both cases TiO2 nanoparticles appeared intimate and homogeneously distributed on rGO surface, but forming a dense network in P25-rGO nanocomposite, and a more open structure in HBK-rGO. Zeta potential and particle size distribution favored the ease of HBK-rGO nanocomposite to form stable suspensions. A comparative analysis of these two photocatalysts was performed on the pilot plant scale solar assisted photodegradation of a 200 μg·L-1 or 5 mg·L-1 mixture of persistent and biorecalcitrant pollutants in deionized water (methomyl, pyrimethanil, isoproturon and alachlor, all used as pesticides). Complete removal of pesticides was achieved, though faster with P25-rGO when O2 was the oxidant. However, the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosage as oxidant speeded up pesticides removal, but HBK-rGO performance resulted much improved. Finally, at realistic very low concentrations of 200 μgeach pesticide·L-1, the complete removal of pesticides was achieved at very short times ( less then 25 min), showing the efficiency of the synthetized TiO2-rGO nanocomposites in this pilot-plat scale solar process to mitigate refractory and biorecalcitrant contaminants on effluents as a sustainable and efficient process.In current study, the UASB reactor was enhanced by nitrogen-doped sewage sludge based activated carbon supported Fe3O4 (Fe3O4/N-SBAC) for coal gasification wastewater treatment. The results showed that COD removal efficiency was increased to 64.4% with Fe3O4/N-SBAC assistance and the corresponding methane production rate achieved up to 1093.6 mL/d. Fe3O4/N-SBAC promoted microbial growth and enzymatic activity, leading to high extracellular polymeric substances and coenzyme F420 concentrations. Fe3O4/N-SBAC also facilitated the sludge granulation process with high particle size, substantial interspecific signal molecules and low diffusible signal factor. Microbial community analysis revealed that Fe3O4/N-SBAC might support direct interspecies electron transfer process, in which the enriched Geobacter was likely to communicate with Methanothrix via electrical connection, improving anaerobic degradation of coal gasification wastewater. Total phenols shock and pH impact revealed that reactor stability was enhanced in the Fe3O4/N-SBAC-supplemented system.Life cycle assessment (LCA) has proven to be a useful tool in assessing environmental technologies in a retrospective manner. Compound Library cell line To fully uncover the environmental improvement potential while advancing technologies under technical and environmental constraints, this study recommended approaching the LCA proactively to assess the progress of parameter optimization before determining critical parameters. To that end, the present work introduced a multimethod eight-step (MMES) analysis scheme, which included an integration of LCA with Plackett-Burman multifactorial design, central composite design, and multi-objective optimization. By creating a large number of scenarios through experimental design, we jointly optimized technical efficiency and environmental sustainability, which allowed for the identification of critical parameters that likely had contradictory influences on different objectives. Through a case study concerning the bioaugmentation of constructed wetland (CW), we applied the MMES scheme to optimize the culture conditions of the strain Arthrobacter sp. ZXY-2 for enhanced atrazine removal. The results showed that, by reducing the Na2HPO4·12H2O concentration from 6.5 g/L to 6 g/L in the culture condition, we decreased the freshwater ecotoxicity potential and maintained a high level of atrazine removal. Regarding the production process of microbial inocula, the strain ZXY-2 grown at the optimized culture reduced the total environmental impact from 13% to 50% compared with the original culture and helped the CW exhibit more favorable atrazine-removal performance. Taken together, the case study demonstrated the effectiveness of using the MMES scheme for parameter optimization of environmental technologies. For future development, the MMES scheme should extend the application to more fields and refine uncertainty management.