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To investigate the evidence and provide clinical recommendations for low intensity exercises(LIE) and blood flow restriction(BFR) without exercise on reducing the effects of exercise induced muscle damage(EIMD).

PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and PEDro(Physiotherapy Evidence Database) were searched up to December 2019 for studies that included LIE or BFR without exercise and their effect on EIMD.

Out of 3192 studies, 23 were included with 17 on LIE and 6 on BFR without exercise. 11 studies demonstrated positive effects for LIE on EIMD, with two level 2 and nine level 3 studies. Two level 2 and two level 3 studies found benefits for BFR without exercise on reducing the negative effects of EIMD, while two level 2 studies found did not find benefits for BFR without exercise.

Moderate to low levels of evidence supported LIE, particularly in the form of protective low load eccentric exercise, in reducing the negative effects of EIMD. Conflicting moderate to low levels of evidence was found regarding BFR without exercise. There does seem to be potential benefit for BFR without exercise in untrained individuals. selleck products Clinicians can provide clinical recommendations as LIE and BFR without exercise reducing EIMD.

Moderate to low levels of evidence supported LIE, particularly in the form of protective low load eccentric exercise, in reducing the negative effects of EIMD. Conflicting moderate to low levels of evidence was found regarding BFR without exercise. There does seem to be potential benefit for BFR without exercise in untrained individuals. Clinicians can provide clinical recommendations as LIE and BFR without exercise reducing EIMD.

To compare knee angles and moments between the injured and contralateral knee in participants with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and compared with uninjured controls while navigating steps.

Cross-sectional study.

University laboratory-based study.

Twenty-five participants (30.8±9.7 years; 13 women) with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2-10 years post-surgery), and 24 controls (31.0±10 years, 13 women).

Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to record peak knee angles and external moments during step ascent and descent in three planes, along with spatiotemporal variables.

During step ascent, the reconstructed knee exhibited significantly (1) lower peak flexion angles compared to the controls (P=0.005); (2) lower flexion moments (P<0.001) compared to contralateral side and controls. No significant differences were found in the frontal and transverse planes between groups and sides. During step descent, no significant differences in angles and moments were found.

Side-to-side asymmetries and lower knee flexion angles and external knee flexion moments were evident in participants with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and compared to controls. These findings suggest that incomplete recovery and compensatory or protective changes in neuromuscular control and joint function may persist 2-10 years post-surgery.

Side-to-side asymmetries and lower knee flexion angles and external knee flexion moments were evident in participants with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and compared to controls. These findings suggest that incomplete recovery and compensatory or protective changes in neuromuscular control and joint function may persist 2-10 years post-surgery.Groundwater and its associated nutrients sustain the establishment and persistence of phreatophytes. Rapid root elongation immediately after germination is vital for desert species to access deep water sources to avoid water-deficit stress. However, the growth strategy and responses to nutrients and water of young phreatophyte seedlings before their roots reach the water table are poorly understood, especially in the scenarios of nitrogen (N) deposition and drought. We investigated how simulated N deposition and drought affect the plasticity of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings by multiple eco-physiological mechanisms. Seedlings were planted under drought-stressed or well-watered conditions and subjected to various levels of N addition (0, 3.0, 6.0, or 9.0 gN·m-2 yr-1). The amounts of N and water independently or interactively affected the photosynthetic traits, drought tolerance characteristics, morphological traits, biomass allocation strategy, and nutrient distribution patterns among the plant organs. Moreover, changes mediated by N addition at the leaf level reflected the drought acclimation of the seedlings, which may be related to biomass and nutrient partitioning between organs. The roots were found to be more sensitive to variation of the Nphosphorus (P) ratio, and greater proportions of biomass, N, and P were allocated to resource-acquiring organs (i.e., leaves and fine roots) than to other tissues. A. sparsifolia adopts numerous strategies to tolerate drought, and additional N input was crucial to enhance the growth of drought-stressed A. sparsifolia, which was mainly attributable to its positive impact on the N and P uptake capacity mediated by increased biomass allocation to the roots.Cadmium is a phytotoxic metal which threatens the global food safety owing to its higher retention rates and non-biodegradable nature. Optimal study of microbe-assisted bioremediation is a potential way to minimize the adversities of Cd on plants. Current study was aimed to isolate, identify and characterize Cd tolerant PGPBs from industrially contaminated soil and to evaluate the potential of plant-microbe synergy for the growth augmentation and Cd remediation. The Acinetobacter sp. SG-5, identified through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, was able to tolerate 1000 mg/l of applied Cd stress and ability of in vitro indole-3-acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, as well as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity. A Petri plate experiment was designed to investigate the impact of Acinetobacter sp. SG-5 on applied Cd toxicity (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 μM) in maize cultivars (3062-Cd tolerant, 31P41-Cd susceptible). Results revealed that non-inoculated maize plants were drastically affected with applied Cd treatments for growth, antioxidants and mineral ions acquisition predominantly in susceptible cultivar (31P41).