Talleyegelund5068

In this work, a residual entropy value 6/10 of the way between the critical point and a value of -2/3 of Boltzmann's constant is shown to collapse the scaled viscosity for the family of normal alkanes. Based on this approach, a nearly universal correlation is proposed that can reproduce 95% of the experimental data for normal alkanes within ±18% (without removal of clearly erroneous data). This universal correlation has no new fluid-specific empirical parameters and is based on experimentally accessible values. This collapse is shown to be valid to a residual entropy half way between the critical point and the triple point, beyond which the macroscopically-scaled viscosity has a super-exponential dependence on residual entropy, terminating at the triple point. A key outcome of this study is a better understanding of entropy scaling for fluids with intramolecular degrees of freedom. A study of the transport and thermodynamic properties at the triple point rounds out the analysis.Spin-orbit torques offer a promising mechanism for electrically controlling magnetization dynamics in nanoscale heterostructures. While spin-orbit torques occur predominately at interfaces, the physical mechanisms underlying these torques can originate in both the bulk layers and at interfaces. Classifying spin-orbit torques based on the region that they originate in provides clues as to how to optimize the effect. While most bulk spin-orbit torque contributions are well studied, many of the interfacial contributions allowed by symmetry have yet to be fully explored theoretically and experimentally. To facilitate progress, we review interfacial spin-orbit torques from a semiclassical viewpoint and relate these contributions to recent experimental results. Within the same model, we show the relationship between different interface transport parameters. For charges and spins flowing perpendicular to the interface, interfacial spin-orbit coupling both modifies the mixing conductance of magnetoelectronic circuit theory and gives rise to spin memory loss. For in-plane electric fields, interfacial spin-orbit coupling gives rise to torques described by spin-orbit filtering, spin swapping and precession. In addition, these same interfacial processes generate spin currents that flow into the non-magnetic layer. For in-plane electric fields in trilayer structures, the spin currents generated at the interface between one ferromagnetic layer and the non-magnetic spacer layer can propagate through the non-magnetic layer to produce novel torques on the other ferromagnetic layer.Group supervision presents unique opportunities for psychotherapy trainees to deepen their understanding of alliance ruptures and repair strategies. Trainees can explore challenging clinical moments and benefit from diverse perspectives and support. Group supervision also provides trainees with multiple opportunities to experience ruptures and repairs firsthand in their interactions with the supervisor and other group members. More research, particularly research using observer-based methods, would enhance our knowledge of rupture and repair processes in group supervision. In this study, seven sessions of Alliance-Focused Training, a group supervision that specifically aims to improve trainees' abilities to recognize and negotiate ruptures, were coded for alliance rupture markers and repair strategies using a modified version of the Rupture Resolution Rating System (3RS). Excerpts of the coded sessions were used to illustrate AFT process in the absence of ruptures, and in the context of ruptures between the supervisor and trainees, between trainees, and between a trainee and the group. There were no clear examples of ruptures between trainees. The ruptures between the supervisor and the trainees were deemed to have only a minor impact on the alliance, and these minor ruptures were at least partly addressed. Based on the coding, themes related to supervisor authority, complex and subtle ruptures, and the use of metacommunication within the AFT group were discussed. The findings of this exploratory study suggest that the 3RS can be useful for measuring process in group supervision, and that greater attention to group process and ruptures within the group holds promise for enhancing the effectiveness of AFT.We investigate the performance of a recently developed algorithm that evaluates the uncertainty of nonlinear multivariate microwave calibration models using regression residuals. see more We apply the algorithm to synthetic data consisting of both random and systematic errors and show that the algorithm can account for both types of errors even in the absence of accurate models for the random errors. We also verify the algorithm with measured data.We investigate the uncertainty of large-signal measurements of a microwave transistor due to variation in the load conditions at the fundamental frequency. In particular, we evaluate uncertainties in the complex frequency-domain traveling voltage waves. In our analysis, uncertainty sources typical for large-signal measurements are considered. Then, we discuss how the resultant uncertainty in the waves is dependent on a varying load reflection coefficient. For this investigation, we consider the total uncertainty of the waves and their magnitude and phase. We also show that these errors unavoidably affect the uncertainty of performance quantities, such as output power.We present a sensitivity-analysis and a Monte-Carlo algorithm for evaluating the uncertainty of multivariate microwave calibration models with regression residuals. We then use synthetic data to verify the performance of the algorithms and explore their limitations in the presence of correlated errors. The uncertainties we evaluate can be used to estimate the total uncertainty of a calibrated measurement when combined with the prediction intervals for that measurement.[This corrects the article on p. 950 in vol. 55, PMID 25320382.].Semen analysis has long been used to evaluate male fertility. Recently, several sperm function tests have been developed. Of those, the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), which describes the status of the sperm DNA, is thought to be a suitable parameter for evaluating male fertility. However, there have been no large-scale studies on the sperm DFI of Japanese men. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of using an in-house flow cytometry-based sperm DFI analysis based on the sperm DNA fragmentation test of sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) to assess male fertility in Japan. This study enrolled 743 infertile and 20 fertile Japanese men. To evaluate reproducibility, inter- and intraobserver precision was analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to set a cutoff value for the sperm DFI to identify men who could father children by timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination. The variability of the sperm DFI among fertile volunteers was determined. The relationship between semen parameters and the sperm DFI was assessed by Spearman's rho test.