Sweetlindhardt3710

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between depressive disorders and periodontal condition and the recurrence of periodontitis, during periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT). METHODS From a 6-year prospective cohort study with 268 individuals under PMT, 124 individuals had complete periodontal clinical data recorded between T1 (baseline) and T2 (final data at the last PMT appointment). Individuals were divided into two groups, being 35 individuals with depressive disorders (DD) and 89 individuals without DD (NDD). Full-mouth periodontal examination was evaluated at T1 and T2. RESULTS The periodontal status of NDD was significantly better then DD at T2. In the NDD group, the recurrence of periodontitis was 50.6% whereas in the DD group was 62.8%. Moreover, the following variables were significantly associated with recurrence of periodontitis in final multivariate logistic regression model DD, age, co-habitation status without companion, smoking and the interaction between DD and smoking. CONCLUSION Individuals with DD undergoing PMT presented higher rates of recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss when compared to individuals without DD. Additionally, the interaction between DD and smoking significantly increased the risk for the recurrence of periodontitis. Copyright© by the International Academy of Periodontology.BACKGROUND Drugs used in cancer treatment specifically kill T regulatory cells. OBJECTIVE To determine different phenotypes of T regulatory cells during the maintenance phase chemotherapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MATERIALS We evaluated the percentages of regulatory T cells by flow cytometry. Soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) in plasma was evaluated by ELISA assay. RESULTS Increased percentages of CD4+CD25+ T cells, CD4+CD39+ T cells, CD4+Foxp3+ T cells, and CD4+CD25High T cells were observed in children with ALL in comparison to healthy controls. In addition, the ALL patients with >12 months of therapy showed increased CD4+CD39+ T cells compared to the ALL patients with ≤12 months and healthy controls. Similarly, the CD4+CD25+ T cells and CD4+Foxp3+ T cells increased according to maintenance therapy time. CONCLUSION Our results showed increased percentages of regulatory T cells in pediatric ALL patients despite chemotherapy, which might be compromising the anti-leukemic cellular immune response.BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa has an important role in nosocomial infections. OBJECTIVE To evaluate biological activity of the detoxified LPS (D-LPS) entrapped into Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. MATERIALS LPS was extracted and detoxified from the P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. selleck chemicals The D-LPS, conjugated to the PLGA nanoparticles with 1-ethyl-3-dimethyl aminopropyl carbodiimide (EDAC) and N-hydroxy-succinimide (NHS). The connection was evaluated by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), Zetasizer, and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The BALB/c mice injected intramuscularly with the D-LPS-PLGA with two-week intervals and then challenged two weeks after the last immunization. The bioactivity of the induced specific antisera and cytokines responses against D-LPS-PLGA antigen was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS D-LPS-PLGA conjugation was confirmed by FTIR, Zetasizer, and AFM. The ELISA results showed that D-LPS was successful in the stimulation of the humoral immune response. The immune responses raised against the D-LPS-PLGA, significantly decreased bacterial titer in the spleen of the immunized mice after challenge with PAO1 strain in comparison with the control groups. CONCLUSION The conjugation of the bacterial LPS to the PLGA nanoparticle increased their functional activity by decrease in bacterial dissemination and increase the killing of opsonized bacteria.BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation that interferes with blood arteries functions due to the accumulation of low density lipids and cholesterol. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of aqueous extract and saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) on the proteome and expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and human bone marrow endothelial cell (HBMEC) lines. METHODS Two cell lines were cultured and induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The primed cells were then treated with aqueous extract and saponin fraction of TT. The protein profile of the endothelial cells was assessed under normal and LPS-induced conditions using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 2D gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin were estimated by use of western blotting. RESULTS LPS-induced HUVECs and HBMECs were shown to significantly increase the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in comparison to control groups. Our findings revealed that TT extract resulted in significantly more reduced levels of proteome (80 spots) as well as all the three mentioned proteins compared with the effect of saponin fraction alone. CONCLUSION TT extract and its saponin fraction exerted anti-inflammatory effects on HUVEC and HBMEC lines and reduced the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract was greater than that of saponin fraction. Therefore, TT could be considered as a potential candidate for the treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis.BACKGROUND Tim-3 has been considered as an ideal target for the immunotherapy of inflammation, but it is unclear whether Tim-3 also plays an important role in acute pancreatitis (AP), as well. OBJECTIVE To identify the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of Tim-3 action in the early stages of severe acute pancreatitis in mice. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham injection group, severe acute pancreatitis group, and anti-Tim-3 treated group. Histopathological scores of the pancreas were calculated, pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was assessed. The concentrations of serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were evaluated by ELISA method. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect the transcripts of Tim-3, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TLR4 in peritoneal macrophages. The levels of peritoneal macrophages Tim-3, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kB p65 were measured by western blot analysis. RESULTS The pathological scores of the anti-Tim-3 treated group (11.5 ± 1.3) significantly increased compared with the sham (1.