Swansonjonassen0662

JOL reactivity refers to the finding that making judgments of learning (JOLs) while studying material influences later memory for that material. Findings of JOL reactivity have been mixed, with some experiments reporting changes to memory when participants make JOLs and others finding no influence of JOLs. Soderstrom, Clark, Halamish, and Bjork (Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41(2), 553-558, 2015) proposed that JOL reactivity will only occur if the final test is sensitive to the same cues used to inform JOLs. The current study evaluated this account by manipulating the type of final test. In four experiments, participants studied mixed lists of related and unrelated word pairs and either made JOLs or did not make JOLs. Making JOLs generally enhanced memory for related word pairs when a cued-recall test was administered. However, during free recall, JOLs had no influence on memory for target information, likely because cue-target associations (which are used to inform JOLs) are less beneficial in the absence of cues. JOLs improved item recognition memory for words that were studied in related pairs, although the effect was small. Collectively, data from a meta-analysis of these experiments indicate that JOL reactivity depends on the type of final test, with reactivity most likely to occur when the final test is sensitive to the same cues used to inform JOLs. Future work should continue examining different tests and study materials in order to develop a comprehensive theory of JOL reactivity.Mace, McQueen, Hayslett, Stalely, and Welch (Memory & Cognition, 47, 299-312, 2019) demonstrated that the activation of semantic memories leads to the activation of autobiographical memories. In that study, the semantic processing of concept words (e.g., garden) was shown to prime related autobiographical memories (e.g., personal memories involving garden) on voluntary and involuntary autobiographical memory tasks. Our goal in the current study was to replicate such semantic-to-autobiographical priming effects, and show that they can be extended to a wider set of stimuli than reported in Mace et al. In Experiment 1, semantic-to-autobiographical priming was obtained on a measure of involuntary autobiographical memory (the vigilance task) following the processing of concept words in insolation and within the context of a sentence. In Experiment 2, semantic-to-autobiographical priming was again observed to occur with the vigilance task, but in this instance it occurred following the processing of both linguistic (words) and nonlinguistic (pictures) stimuli. The results of each of these experiments supports the idea that semantic-to-autobiographical activations occur within a wide variety of contexts (e.g., in language, perception, etc.). The implications of the results for autobiographical remembering are discussed.Approximately 50% of all melanomas harbor an activating BRAF mutation. In patients suffering from an advanced melanoma with such a somatic alteration, combined targeted therapy with a BRAF and MEK inhibitor can be applied to significantly increase the survival probability. Nevertheless, resistance mechanisms, as well as negative predictive biomarkers (elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, high number of metastatic organ disease sites, brain metastasis), remain a major problem in treating melanoma patients. Recently, a landmark overall survival (OS) rate of 34% after 5 years of combined targeted therapy in treatment-naïve patients was reported. On the other hand, patients harboring a BRAF mutation and receiving first-line immune checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab plus nivolumab showed a 5-year OS rate of 60%. As indicated by these data, long-term survival can be reached in melanoma patients but it remains unclear if this is equivalent to reaching a true cure for metastatic melanoma. In this review, we summarize the recent results for combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy in advanced melanoma harboring an activating BRAF mutation and discuss the impact of baseline characteristics on long-term outcome.BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty is a successful treatment for hip osteoarthritis. Primary and secondary implant fixation is dependent on implant design and plays an important role in the longevity of an implant. In this study, we assessed the self-locking cementless MasterSL femoral stem. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this single-centre prospective study, 50 consecutive hips with the indication for total hip arthroplasty, who met the inclusion criteria, received the MasterSL stem from LIMA Corporate. Patients had pre- and post-operative clinical and radiological assessment and completed patient-reported outcome measures [Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS)] at the 6-week and 6-, 12- and 24-month mark. Post-operative X-rays were assessed for osteointegration (Engh Score), alignment and subsidence. RESULTS After 2 years, aseptic survival was 100%. One hip had to be explanted due to early deep infection and was excluded from the study. Tamoxifen At 2 years, the patients reported a significant improved HHS and OHS of 95.3 ± 5.8 and 46.1 ± 3.6 (mean ± standard deviation), respectively, compared to preoperatively. The mean ± standard deviation for the FJS was 86.4 ± 18.7 with two-thirds of the patients reporting a score above 85. The mean Engh score is 15.1 ± 5.9 (mean ± standard deviation) with no patient scoring below 1 which suggests good osteointegration in all femoral stems. CONCLUSIONS The MasterSL femoral stem performed well in this short-term follow-up study, with high patient satisfaction and good signs of osteointegration. Long-term follow-up will be necessary to evaluate longevity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3, Prospective cohort study. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on the 30.03.2016 with Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000550303).BACKGROUND In total brachial plexus injury, intercostal nerves (ICNs) are used as donor nerves to restore the elbow flexion; albeit in upper brachial plexus injury (BPI), ulnar nerve provides a source of motor axons for this purpose. The present study set out to compare the restoration of elbow flexion by using these two donor nerves. METHODS Between 2010 and 2013, 24 adult patients with upper-middle BPI and 15 patients with total BPI undergoing elbow flexion restoration surgery were studied. Motor fascicle of flexor carpi ulnaris branch of ulnar nerve (mFCU nerve) procedure was utilized in upper-middle BPI, as well as transfer of ICN to biceps branch of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) in total BPI. Both techniques included sectioning, rerouting, and direct suturing of the biceps branch of the MCN. Follow-up consisted serial clinical examinations and EMG-NCV tests. Motor strength was recorded according to the British Medical Research Council grading system in that the results were reported as nonfunctional (grades M0-M2) and functional (grades M3-M5).