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23), tumour size TS (P=.95), but AO clamping group had significantly lower RENAL Score, (FE WMD 0.36, P=.007). For surgical outcomes analysis, no significant difference was detected regarding to WI (P=.58), OT (P=.40),TR (P=.58) and EBL (P=.35) between two groups. The assessment of renal function by creatinine value both at the early postoperative (P=.36) and at last follow-up (P=.38) revealed no difference. There was no significant difference in eGFR (P=.62), and at the early postoperative percentage decrease of eGFR (P=.79). However, a higher percentage decrease of eGFR decrease at last follow-up was demonstrated for the AV clamping group (FE WMD 2.42, P less then .00001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that AO clamping might be a better choice for PN in long term. RCT studies with larger sample numbers, and long term follow-up and split renal function assessment should be conducted in the future to confirm our conclusion.OBJECTIVE To evaluate predictive capability and clinical applicability of the current nephrolithometric scoring systems of S.T.O.N.E. score, Guy's Stone Score, CROES nomogram and S-ReSC score for percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcome in the same cohort in a prospective study. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing PCNL between 2015 and 2018 were included calculating the four scores in the same cohort. Stone free status, complications, operative time, estimated blood loss, fluoroscopy time and length of hospital stay were investigated. ROC curves for predictive accuracy and regression analysis for predictors of SFS were performed. RESULTS In all, 162 PCNLs were accomplished and analyzed. Overall SFS was 75.9% and complication rate 30.9%. Mean+SE acquisition time of scores were 52.9±0.5 sec for GSS, 05.1±0.3 for STONE score, 224±3.1 for CROES and 102.6±3.5 sec for S-ReSC score. SFS had best association with CROES grade, Clavien grade was found with STONE score and EBL and OT had best association with S-ReSC score. OICR9429 All scores had comparable predictive accuracy for on ROC curves regrading SFS. Stone essence and tract length are not different in cases with residual stones. Number of involved calyces, single vs. multiple stones and renal pelvic obstruction were significant predictors of SFS in regression analysis. CONCLUSION The four scoring systems had comparable predictive accuracy for SFS. However, S.T.O.N.E. and S-ReSC scores were easily applicable and provided better association with estimated blood loss and operative time compared to the GSS score. Number of involved calyces, stone multiplicity and renal pelvic obstruction were significant predictors of SFS, hence, further studies are needed to invent a universally agreeable scoring system covering reported shortcomings in the currently used scores.Background In mammalian, regenerative therapy after myocardial infarction (MI) is hampered by the limited regenerative capacity of adult heart, while a transient regenerative capacity is maintained in the neonatal heart. Systemic phosphorylation signaling analysis on ischemic neonatal myocardium might be helpful to identify key pathways involved in heart regeneration. We aimed to define kinase-substrate network in ischemic neonatal myocardium and identify key pathways involved in heart regeneration post ischemic insult. Methods Quantitative phosphoproteomics profiling was performed on infarct border zone of neonatal myocardium, and kinase-substrate network analysis revealed 11 kinases with enriched substrates and upregulated phosphorylation levels including CHK1 kinase. The effect of CHK1 on cardiac regeneration was tested on ICR-CD1 neonatal and adult mice underwent apical resection or MI. Results In vitro, CHK1 overexpression promoted, while CHK1 knockdown blunted cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation. In vivo, inhibition of CHK1 hindered myocardial regeneration on resection border zone in neonatal mice. In adult MI mice, CHK1 overexpression on infarct border zone upregulated mTORC1/P70S6K pathway, promoted CM proliferation and improved cardiac function. Inhibiting mTOR activity by rapamycin blunted the neonatal CM proliferation induced by CHK1 overexpression in vitro. Conclusions Our study indicates that phosphoproteome of neonatal regenerative myocardium could help identify important signaling pathways involved in myocardial regeneration. CHK1 is found to be a key signaling responsible for neonatal regeneration. Myocardial overexpression of CHK1 could improve cardiac regeneration in adult hearts through activating mTORC1/P70S6K pathway, CHK1 might thus serve as a potential novel target in myocardial repair post MI.Middle cerebral artery occlusion in rodents remains a widely used model of ischemic stroke. Recently, we reported the occurrence of retinal ischemia in animals subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, owing in part to the circulatory juxtaposition of the ophthalmic artery to the middle cerebral artery. In this study, we examined the eye hemodynamics and visual deficits in middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced stroke rats. The brain and eye were evaluated by laser Doppler at baseline (prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion), during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Retinal function-relevant behavioral and histological outcomes were performed at 3 and 14 days post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. Laser Doppler revealed a typical reduction of at least 80% in the ipsilateral frontoparietal cortical area of the brain during middle cerebral artery occlusion compared to baseline, which returned to near-baseline levels during reperfusion. Retinal perfusion defects closely paralleled the timing of cerebral blood flow alterations in the acute stages of middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, characterized by a significant blood flow defect in the ipsilateral eye with at least 90% reduction during middle cerebral artery occlusion compared to baseline, which was restored to near-baseline levels during reperfusion. Moreover, retinal ganglion cell density and optic nerve depth were significantly decreased in the ipsilateral eye. In addition, the stroke rats displayed eye closure. Behavioral performance in a light stimulus-mediated avoidance test was significantly impaired in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats compared to control animals. In view of visual deficits in stroke patients, closely monitoring of brain and retinal perfusion via laser Doppler measurements and examination of visual impairments may facilitate the diagnosis and the treatment of stroke, including retinal ischemia.