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lines (with the use of a validated instrument).

Renal function of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is typically evaluated by detecting proteinuria because it is a major predictor of CKD progression. In paediatric patients with CKD, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is used to detect CKD progression, which is similar to urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR). However, facilities for evaluation of urine ACR and urine PCR may not be widely available. To date, this is the first study that investigated the predictive value of baseline dipstick albuminuria for 1-year and 3-year CKD progression in Indonesian children. We assessed the association between baseline level of dipstick albuminuria and CKD progression in paediatric patients.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) involving 43 children with CKD between 2016 and 2019. The patients were followed up for 1 year and 3 years after enrolment. Risk ratios (RR) for 1-year and 3-year CKD progression were calculated using Fisher's exact test.

The RR for 1-year CKD progression in children with baseline dipstick albuminuria <2+ was 2.16 (95% CI 1.13-4.14, p = 0.02), and the corresponding RR for 3-year CKD progression in these children was 1.70 (95% CI 0.73-3.97, p=0.21).

Dipstick albuminuria was not associated with 1-year and 3-year CKD progression in children.

Dipstick albuminuria was not associated with 1-year and 3-year CKD progression in children.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between protein intake and number of children in a family, based on nutritional status of children aged 2 to 12 years of age.

This was a cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling. Weight and height were measured, and the 24-hour food recall was gathered with a questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using weight-for-age curve of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth chart. Protein intake was assessed using NutriSurvey. Data were analysed with chi-square test.

There were 99 children, 52 girls and 47 boys. From these, 57 (57.6%) were undernourished and 42 (42.4%) subjects had a good nutritional status. Sixty-five (65.6%) children had poor protein intake, while 34 (34.3%) had adequate protein intake. There was no association between protein intake and nutritional status (p = 0.805) or number of children in the family and nutritional status (p = 0.414). The principal protein source was squid, but squid is often sold for additional income.

The nutritional status of children in Pero Konda Village could be considered undernourished. There was no association between protein intake and number of children based on nutritional status. The villagers had poor dietary habits, so good dietary habits should be promoted.

The nutritional status of children in Pero Konda Village could be considered undernourished. There was no association between protein intake and number of children based on nutritional status. The villagers had poor dietary habits, so good dietary habits should be promoted.

Infertility in women could be a result of an excessive production of antisperm antibody (ASA). Paternal lymphocyte immunization (PLI) could decrease the ASA levels, but the mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of a PLI-induced ASA decline on regulatory T-cell populations and serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in women with unexplained infertility.

Samples were obtained from patients who came to Sayyidah Mother and Child Hospital in Jakarta from July 2018 to April 2019 with infertility problems. The inclusion criterion for this study was unexplained infertility. Each patient was examined for ASA titres using husband's sperm auto-agglutination test (HSAaT) method, and patients with ASA titres >1128 were given PLI subcutaneously every 3 weeks. ASA titres were evaluated again 2 weeks after PLI with HSAaT. A total of 12 samples were analysed. Regulatory T-cell populations were evaluated using flow cytometry and human forkhead box P3 FoxP3 staining kit of Biotech and Device, and serum IL-10 was determined using an Abcam ELISA kit. The data were analysed using Wilcoxon and Spearman tests.

PLI decreased serum ASA and percentage of regulatory T cells (p = 0.023). The decrease in ASA and subsequent decrease in regulatory T cell population was due to the strong negative correlation between regulatory T cells and IL-10 (r = -0.817, p = 0.004).

The decline in ASA was associated with a decrease in regulatory T cells due to a negative correlation with IL-10levels.

The decline in ASA was associated with a decrease in regulatory T cells due to a negative correlation with IL-10levels.

To investigate the relationship between vitamin C intake and IL-6 level as a biomarker of oxidative stress during pregnancy.

Fourty pregnant women during third trimester were grouped into preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia, and surveyed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The ELISA assay for IL-6 expression was performed. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using SPSS software ver. 20.

Subjects in preeclampsia group were shown to consume slightly more vitamin C than the non-preeclampsia group, with median values of 76.37 (28.05 - 96.88) mg and 68.87 (8.57 - 198.53) mg, respectively (p = 0.36). A nonparametric correlation test showed no significant association between vitamin C and total IL-6 level, with p = 0.36 and r = -0.15. There was also no difference between vitamin C consumption and IL-6 level for each group, with r = -0.14 and r = -0.20, respectively.

There was no statistically significant association between vitamin C intake and IL-6 level in women during third trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.36).

There was no statistically significant association between vitamin C intake and IL-6 level in women during third trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.36).

To investigate the auto-induction of transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-β1) in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and its effect on cell viability and stemness.

Human BCSCs (aldehyde dehydrogenase positive; ALDH+) were grown in serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F12 (DMEM/F12) and treated for periods of 1, 2 and 4 hours with 0.1 ng/ml recombinant human TGF-β1 protein (rhTGF-β1). The medium was then replaced with serum-free DMEM/F12 without rhTGF-β1 for 24 hours. Cell viability was determined using a trypan blue exclusion assay. Type 1 TGF-β receptor (TβR1), TGF-β1, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were analysed using quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The TGF-β protein level in the culture medium was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The expression levels of rhTGF-β1, TGF-β1 and TβR1 mRNA significantly increased in BCSCs compared to control after treatment for 1 and 2 hours but decreased after 4 hours. This is in line with alteration of stemness gene, OCT4 and ALDH1A1 mRNA expressions. However, the secretion of newly synthesised TGF-β1 significantly increased after 2 hours. In contrast, viable BCSCs decreased after 1 hour and then gradually increased 2.7 times compared to control after 4 hours.

TGF-β1 treatment in low concentration and for short period of time triggers its auto-induction in BCSCs, leading to increased cell viability and stemness gene expression via autocrine signalling.

TGF-β1 treatment in low concentration and for short period of time triggers its auto-induction in BCSCs, leading to increased cell viability and stemness gene expression via autocrine signalling.

The aim of this study was to investigate the course of diaphragm changes in mechanically ventilated patients in ICU after four days of mechanical ventilation. In addition, to evaluate correlation of various demographic variables to baseline diaphragm muscle thickness and their effects on the course of diaphragm muscle thickness changes.

This study was conducted from December 2018 to February 2019 at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital. Thirty critically ill patients using mechanical ventilation in the ICU were included. Baseline demographic data were collected. Baseline end expiratory diaphragm thickness was measured within one hour after starting mechanical ventilation and repeated every 24 hours for four days. Mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation were recorded.

There were no differences in baseline diaphragm thickness according to gender, body mass index and modified Rankin Score. The subjects were divided into two categories duration of mechanical ventilation less than seven days and duration of ventilation of seven days or more. The mean baseline diaphragm thickness was 2.11 + 0.15 mm. A rapid decrease of diaphragm muscle thickness was found within 24 hours. Diaphragm muscle thickness changed over subsequent measurements during observation. this website It was found that rapid diaphragm muscle thinning corresponded with longer duration of mechanical ventilation and worse outcomes.

Diaphragm muscle thinning was seen early in the course of mechanical ventilation. Diaphragm muscle thickness changed over time, and there was no correlation with other measured variables.

Diaphragm muscle thinning was seen early in the course of mechanical ventilation. Diaphragm muscle thickness changed over time, and there was no correlation with other measured variables.

This study aimed to analyse the expression pattern of FOXO3a in leucocytes of elderly women according to their lifespans.

It was a cross-sectional study involving 60 healthy elderly female subjects living in Jakarta. Women were classified based on age as younger (60-70 years of age) and older (> 70 years of age). Blood samples were taken for the preparation of leucocyte cells for RNA isolation. FOXO3a mRNA expression was analysed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

The relative mRNA expression of FOXO3a in leucocytes was significantly higher in the younger group (60-70 years of age) than in the older group (> 70 years of age).

FOXO3a mRNA expression decreased with increasing age in elderly female subjects. Further research is required to evaluate FOXO3a expression at the protein level.

FOXO3a mRNA expression decreased with increasing age in elderly female subjects. Further research is required to evaluate FOXO3a expression at the protein level.

To identify the prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with dietary sodium intake among the Malay population in Selangor, Malaysia.

Respondents were recruited from the year 2013 to 2015 from households in Klang Valley (urban area) and several settlements of the Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) in Selangor (rural area). Data were collected using two questionnaires, a sociodemographic questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire.

A total of 3,453 adults participated in this study. The mean age of the respondents was 50.9 (±10.23) years. The prevalence of hypertension was 23.3%. Mean dietary sodium consumption was 3.6 (±6.63) grams/day, 1.6 grams higher than the current WHO recommendation. The prevalence of hypertension was higher among males aged 60 years and older; among rural population with low education level; among housewives and those with high dietary sodium intake. After adjusting for age, gender and marital status in a multiple logistic regression analysis, rural location (OR = 5.