Suttongodfrey3985

The M50 and M100 auditory evoked responses reflect early auditory processes in the primary/secondary auditory cortex. Although previous M50 and M100 studies have been conducted on individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and indicate disruption of encoding simple sensory information, analogous investigations of the neural correlates of auditory processing through development from children into adults are very limited. Magnetoencephalography was used to record signals arising from the left and right superior temporal gyrus during auditory presentation of tones to children/adolescents and adults with ASD as well as typically developing (TD) controls. One hundred and thirty-two participants (aged 6-42 years) were included into the final analyses (children/adolescents TD, n = 36, 9.21 ± 1.6 years; ASD, n = 58, 10.07 ± 2.38 years; adults TD, n = 19, 26.97 ± 1.29 years; ASD, n = 19, 23.80 ± 6.26 years). There were main effects of group on M50 and M100 latency (p less then 0.001) over hemisphere and frequency. Delayed M50 and M100 latencies were found in participants with ASD compared to the TD group, and earlier M50 and M100 latencies were associated with increased age. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant association between language ability and both M50 and M100 latencies. Importantly, differences in M50 and M100 latencies between TD and ASD cohorts, often reported in children, persisted into adulthood, with no evidence supporting latency convergence. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.AIMS We investigated whether the longitudinal relationship between gastrointestinal diseases and subsequent decline in executive functioning over 6 years differed by cognitive reserve. METHODS We analyzed longitudinal data from 897 older adults (mean age 74.33 years) tested on TMT parts A and B in two waves 6 years apart. Participants reported information on education, occupation, leisure activity engagement, and gastrointestinal diseases. RESULTS There was a significant interaction of gastrointestinal diseases with leisure activity engagement on latent change in executive functioning. Specifically, only for individuals with low (but not those with high) leisure activity engagement, gastrointestinal diseases significantly predicted a steeper subsequent decline in executive functioning across 6 years (i.e., increases in TMT completion time). CONCLUSION Cognitive reserve may attenuate the detrimental influences of gastrointestinal diseases on subsequent decline in executive functioning. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.OBJECTIVE Mitral regurgitation (MR) induced by systolic anterior motion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can frequently be abolished with a proficient septal myectomy (SM) without the need for mitral-valve replacement (MVR). ACC guidelines stress the importance of volume in improving outcomes after SM, but there is a lack of data measuring the impact of volume on the need for MVR during SM. This study was designed to assess the impact of institutional volume on MVR rates using national outcomes data. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried from 1998 to 2011 and a total of 6,207 patients had a diagnosis of HCM and a procedure code for SM. Outcomes were compared between patients who underwent SM (group I) and SM and MVR (group II). Furthermore, patients were stratified into 3 groups based on the number of SMs at the performing institution low experience (1-24 cumulative SMs), medium experience (25-49 SMs), and high experience (>50 SMs). These patients underwent multivariable analysis to determine the impact of institutional volume on MVR rate. RESULTS The total MVR rate was 26%. Perioperative outcomes were worse, i.e., there were higher rates of mortality, kidney injury, and urinary complications, in group II than in group I. Only 37.6% of patients were operated on at institutions meeting the guideline criteria of >50 cumulative SMs. When compared to patients in the high-experience group, patients in the low- (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3-3.2, p 2.5× the odds of undergoing MVR compared to those operated on at guideline-endorsed centers. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.BACKGROUND Management of violent acts of patients and their visitors in psychiatric and hospital settings has been studied. However, violence has not yet been addressed in the ambulatory care environment. OBJECTIVE To identify potential risk factors for patient and visitor violence [PVV] and staff perceptions of the impact of these risk factors in ambulatory care. METHODS A review of psychiatric inpatient research was conducted examining violence and aggression including risk factors for PVV. Identified risk factors for violence were incorporated into a survey tool and distributed to staff in a community clinic asking for their perception of the impact of these risk factors on aggression in their work environment. RESULTS Risk factors for violence and aggression were categorized as static or dynamic or as related to characteristics of staff or the environment of care. RRx-001 chemical structure All of the risk factors were identified as possible contributors to PVV by the staff while items related to substance abuse and the clinic environment were selected by the staff as "highly likely" to contribute to PVV in their setting. CONCLUSIONS Continued research is needed in this area to better understand risk factors for PVV and develop appropriate safety interventions and crisis training for ambulatory care settings.BACKGROUND Nurses are considered the group of healthcare workers with the highest prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMDs). The most common physical demands of nursing that have been found to contribute to WRMDs include lifting, working in awkward postures, stooping, and repetitive actions. Occupational therapists (OT) have a significant role in preventing WRMDs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore that magnitude of the WRMDs among nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Exploring the role of OT in increasing awareness and prevention of WRMDs among nurses. METHODS The study was conducted using a cross-sectional questionnaire design. Data was collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Nurses at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, KSA, were the target of this study. RESULTS Ninety-four nurses participated in this study. Most of them (63.8%) indicated that they experienced discomfort during the last 12 months in their lower back, followed by shoulders (50%), and upper back (48.