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50 ± 4.226 minutes (P < .001), while in the buccal group the mean was 22.97 ± 4.582 minutes. BTK inhibitor mouse No statistical differences were recorded between the two groups in all behavior rating scales, except for crying where the intranasal group was statistically higher (P = .010). Regarding the overall behavior, there was no significant difference recorded between the two groups (P = .204).

Aerosolized buccal midazolam was more tolerated by the patients. However, intranasal aerosolized midazolam had a more rapid onset of sedation. Both buccal and intranasal administrations of aerosolized midazolam are safe and effective.

Aerosolized buccal midazolam was more tolerated by the patients. However, intranasal aerosolized midazolam had a more rapid onset of sedation. Both buccal and intranasal administrations of aerosolized midazolam are safe and effective.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to health care worldwide. As a part of the virus containment strategy, health care services were limited to the treatment of essential emergencies. The aim was to evaluate the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on patients' utilization of dental emergency services, focusing on patients vulnerable to severe courses of COVID-19.

Files of 1,299 patients of the Dental School of the University Hospital Wuerzburg between 3 February and 7 June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The observation period was divided into pre-lockdown (Pre-L), during lockdown (Dur-L), and post-lockdown (Post-L). Patients' demographics, diagnosis, and medical history including COVID-19 anamnesis were recorded.

The number of dental emergency patients decreased by approximately 50% (Pre-L, n = 576; Dur-L, n = 309). Proportions of risk patients among them did not change. Stationary admissions increased by approximately 4% (Pre-L, 12.3% to Dur-L, 16.2%). The most frequent diagnosis was uncontrollable pain (45.6%), originating in 25.2% of endodontic and periodontal diseases. Abscesses (23.0%), dental trauma (16.5%), facial trauma (9.4%), and uncontrollable bleeding (5.5%) followed consecutively.

Patients with an increased risk for severe courses of COVID-19 infection did not refrain from consulting dental emergency care. Dental emergencies should be treated early to avoid stationary admissions to preserve hospital bed capacities.

Patients with an increased risk for severe courses of COVID-19 infection did not refrain from consulting dental emergency care. Dental emergencies should be treated early to avoid stationary admissions to preserve hospital bed capacities.

The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of macro- and microsurgical procedures in removing the epithelial tissue layer of subepithelial connective grafts (SCTGs) harvested by the parallel incision method.

Sixteen patients were randomized to receive macro-SCTG harvesting (n = 10, control group) or micro-SCTG harvesting (n = 10, test group) by the parallel incision technique. Histologic and histomorphometric analysis of the SCTG evaluated the percentage remnant of epithelium and connective tissue. The presence of remnant portions of the epithelium was identified in eight samples (three in the macro- and five in the microsurgery groups).

Sixteen participants with 20 sites were included and 20 SCTG were collected and analyzed. SCTG harvested by microsurgical approaches displayed more portions of remnant epithelium compared to the conventional removal (50% versus 30%). There were no significant differences in mean remnant epithelial thickness for test (147.3 ± 89.3 μm) and control (209.0 ± 127.5 μm) groups (P = .57). Likewise, nonsignificant differences were identified in terms of the connective tissue thickness (macrosurgery 1,511.0 ± 1,160.0 μm; microsurgery 1,472.0 ± 1,063.0 μm) between groups (P = .96).

The samples harvested by microsurgery had greater remaining epithelial portions than those harvested by macrosurgery, and similar connective layer thickness.

The samples harvested by microsurgery had greater remaining epithelial portions than those harvested by macrosurgery, and similar connective layer thickness.3D technology has been applied in both surgery simulation and guidance in endodontic microsurgery. Treatment options are still limited for vertical root fracture (VRF) in inaccessible areas that require accurate resection, especially in single-rooted teeth. This case illustrates successful treatment based on 3D technology. The literature on endodontic microsurgery of VRF is summarized. A 27-year-old woman presented with periapical lesions and apical root resorption of a maxillary premolar. After endodontic microsurgery was arranged, unexpected VRF was discovered through CBCT. Using a 3D-printed template, the root fracture was precisely removed with minimal damage. A literature review revealed a total of 12 articles published since 1946 on this topic. The 3D-printed template facilitated endodontic microsurgery, indicating reliable location of the root fracture and reduction in iatrogenic injury.

The purpose of this study was to find a reliable method to reproduce biting pain to facilitate an early diagnosis of cracked tooth and to verify the feasibility of the Tooth Slooth in diagnosing a cracked tooth.

In this study, 46 intact teeth diagnosed as cracked teeth were selected. Patients were asked to bite wet cotton rolls and the Tooth Slooth, and clinical findings were recorded. The difference in the relevance ratio between these two bite test methods was determined.

The relevance ratio of biting pain by the Tooth Slooth and wet cotton rolls was 91.3% and 32.6%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these two bite tests (P < .001).

Within the limitations of this study, the relevance ratio of biting pain by the Tooth Slooth was significantly higher than that of the wet cotton rolls. The Tooth Slooth was a reliable method to reproduce biting pain and was useful for early diagnosis of cracked teeth.

Within the limitations of this study, the relevance ratio of biting pain by the Tooth Slooth was significantly higher than that of the wet cotton rolls. The Tooth Slooth was a reliable method to reproduce biting pain and was useful for early diagnosis of cracked teeth.