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Non-psychotic mental disorders are burdensome conditions within the general population, and their course is often complicated by the use of psychoactive substances and comorbid substance use disorders. Decriminalization or legalization of cannabis has led to concern that increasing use of cannabis will contribute to an increased burden of these disorders. In keeping with this concern, a sizable literature has established the existence of cross-sectional associations between cannabis use and non-psychotic mental disorders. However, few longitudinal studies have been conducted, and those that have been published have reported heterogeneous results. The potential advantages of longitudinal data for causal inference have not yet been realized in this literature. Questions remain about the temporality of the reported associations and the extent to which they are confounded by other variables. Consequently, there is insufficient evidence to confirm a causal role for cannabis in the etiology of non-psychotic mental disorders. There is also a stark contrast between survey data exploring subjective motivations for 'medical' cannabis use and the empirical literature about its potential efficacy for the treatment of non-psychotic disorders. Despite these limitations, the association of cannabis use with non-psychotic disorders, which has been strongly established by cross-sectional studies, has important implications for clinical practice and for guiding health services administration and policy.During the prosecution and defence of drink-driving cases, forensic practitioners are often required to engage in various blood-alcohol calculations, such as whether or not the statutory limit was exceeded (e.g. 80mg/100mL, 0.08g/100mL or 0.80g/L). For this purpose, most forensic scientists utilize the Widmark equation, or some modification thereof, to calculate a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) based on information about the amount of ethanol consumed and the pattern of drinking. This equation comes in two main forms; one of which incorporates the apparent volume of distribution of ethanol (V) and the other a person's total body water (TBW). In this study, we utilised two independent data sets, one involving the determination of V for ethanol in 173 men and 63 women, and the other TBW determined for 582 men and 884 women. Those subjects included in the TBW group represented various racial groups (Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics, Asians and Puerto Ricans), with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 17 to 80kg/m2. Both versions of the Widmark equation were evaluated in relation to their accuracy and precision in predicting TBW and/or V using the two most common anthropometric equations; those of Watson et al. and Forrest. Both anthropometric equations exhibited good accuracy ( less then 4.3%) for the prediction of both TBW and V. However, the root mean square error was lower TBW was used for prediction (9.09-12.84%) rather than V (11.72-15.08%). Overall, this study has demonstrated (a) that blood-alcohol calculations are more reliable using TBW rather than V (b) that both equations (Watson et al. and Forrest) are applicable to ethnic groups other than Caucasians and (c) the Forrest equation predicts TBW in men and women with BMI from 17 to 35kg/m2 and that the Watson et al. equation works for those with more extreme BMI; females (17-80kg/m2) and males (17-67kg/m2).The need for new analytical methods to differentiate isomers and closely related compounds have become increasingly important due to the fast evolution of new psychoactive substances. 2D NMR and GC-IR spectroscopies are promising techniques due to their capabilities to differentiate isomers. This case study highlights specifically the use of Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) and solid deposition GC-IRD in the unequivocal identification of 5-methoxy-DiPT, a tryptamine analogue.The increasing use of seaweeds in European cuisine led to cultivation initiatives funded by the European Union. Ulva lactuca, commonly known as sea lettuce, is a fast growing seaweed in the North Atlantic that chefs are bringing into the local cuisine. Here, different strains of Arctic U. lactuca were mass-cultivated under controlled conditions for up to 10 months. We quantified various chemical constituents associated with both health benefits (carbohydrates, protein, fatty acids, minerals) and health risks (heavy metals). Chemical analyses showed that long-term cultivation provided biomass of consistently high food quality and nutritional value. Concentrations of macroelements (C, N, P, Ca, Na, K, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Co, Mn, I) were sufficient to contribute to daily dietary mineral intake. Heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) were found at low levels to pose health risk. The nutritional value of Ulva in terms of carbohydrates, protein and fatty acids is comparable to some selected fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains.Micropollutants emitted by Human activities represent a potential threat to our health and aquatic environment. Thousands of active substances are used and go to WWTP through wastewaters. During water treatment, incomplete elimination occurs. Effluents released to the environment still contain part of the micropollutants present in the influents. Here, we studied the potential impacts on Human health and aquatic environment of the release of 261 organic micropollutants and 25 inorganic micropollutants at the scale of France. Data were gathered from national surveys, reports, papers and PhD works. The USEtox ® model was used to assess potential impacts. The impacts on Human health were estimated for 94 organic and 15 inorganic micropollutants and on aquatic environment for 88 organic and 19 inorganic micropollutants highlighting lack of concentration and toxicological data in literature. Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and pesticides as well as As and Zn showed highest potential impacts on Human health. Some pesticides, PCB 101, βE2, Al, Fe and Cu showed highest potential impacts on aquatic environment.The activated sludge process is efficient for pollutant removal, but was criticized for its large upfront investment and land area requirements. Improving nitrogen removal to levels sufficient to reduce eutrophication is a challenge to conventional nitrification and denitrification, which is limited by process configuration (with nitrate recirculation) and environmental inhibition. To satisfy stringent discharge standards within a compact plant footprint, a sustainable strategy by moving nitrogen removal from mainstream to side-stream is designed by a cycle of ammonium exchange, regeneration and nitrogen removal (AERN), combined with biological and physiochemical technologies. Ammonium was rapidly captured by ion exchangers, then exchanged into regenerant, and converted to N2 by chlorination or Sharon-anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the side-stream. learn more The AERN cycle can be combined with a high-rate anaerobic/aerobic process and chemical phosphorus removal to construct a HAERN process, or inserted between a coagulation-sedimentation tank and a membrane bioreactor to construct a CAERNM process.