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In the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG Outcome), empagliflozin, in addition to standard of care, significantly reduced risk of cardiovascular death by 38%, hospitalization for heart failure by 35%, and incident or worsening nephropathy by 39% compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. Using EMPA-REG Outcome data, we assessed whether the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD classification had an influence on the treatment effect of empagliflozin.

Patients with type 2 diabetes, established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m

at screening were randomized to receive empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo once daily in addition to standard of care.

, we analyzed cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, and safety, using the two-dimensional KDIGO classification framework.

Of 6952 patients with baseline eGFR and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio values, 47%, 29%, 15%, and 8% were classified into low, moderately increased, high, and very high KDIGO risk categories, respectively. Empagliflozin showed consistent risk reductions across KDIGO categories for cardiovascular outcomes (

values for treatment by subgroup interactions ranged from 0.26 to 0.85) and kidney outcomes (

values for treatment by subgroup interactions ranged from 0.16 to 0.60). In all KDIGO risk categories, placebo and empagliflozin had similar adverse event rates, the notable exception being genital infection events, which were more common with empagliflozin for each category.

The observed effects of empagliflozin versus placebo on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes were consistent across the KDIGO risk categories, indicating that the effect of treatment benefit of empagliflozin was unaffected by baseline CKD status.

EMPA-REG OUTCOME, NCT01131676.

EMPA-REG OUTCOME, NCT01131676.

Traditional in-person Mock Oral Examinations (IP-MOEs) are utilized by surgery residency programs to prepare trainees for the American Board of Surgery Certifying Exam (ABS-CE). However, the COVID-19 Pandemic has led to a profound disruption of on-campus and in-person educational activities, with subsequent instantaneous revolutionization of educational systems all over the world, including a massive switch to virtual platforms. Many in-person didactics and examinations were canceled or rescheduled, including the ABS-CE. The study aims to evaluate Virtual MOEs' (V-MOEs) feasibility as a potential alternative to in-person MOEs in residency programs.

Twenty-five participants-16 general surgery residents (7 females, 9 males) and 9 faculty - in the inaugural Department of Surgery Virtual Mock Oral Examination completed an anonymous, voluntary online survey via Microsoft Forms. Faculty was given 24 questions, and residents 28, with 9 questions common between both residents and faculty. Participants were asked ation with other programs to enhance the resident's preparation. Time constraints, lack of experience with the format, and availability were the top 3 barriers.

V-MOE is feasible, accessible, and a potential alternative for IP-MOEs at a program level for ABS-CE preparation. Given the time constraints and costs associated with IP-MOEs, it is an opportunity to collaborate with other residency programs.

V-MOE is feasible, accessible, and a potential alternative for IP-MOEs at a program level for ABS-CE preparation. Given the time constraints and costs associated with IP-MOEs, it is an opportunity to collaborate with other residency programs.

The American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons (ACAPS) Plastic Surgery Recommendation Form is a standardized letter of recommendation (SLOR) used in the plastic surgery resident selection process since 2012. This study aims to evaluate this form and use a multistep survey to optimize this SLOR.

A 16 question survey was sent via Survey Monkey to 510 ACAPS faculty. The results of this survey were followed up with a live-response survey at the ACAPS Spring Retreat. Consensus was used to modify and create a more optimal SLOR.

This study was performed by the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of California, San Diego.

Survey respondents represented over five hundred plastic surgery faculty from a variety of subspecialties and academic programs nation-wide.

The response rate to the online survey was 36%. On a scale of 1 (not useful) to 5 (very useful), letter readers and letter writers found the SLOR 3.88 and 3.90 respectively. Most respondents believed that the SLOR shoul. This study outlines a 2-step process by which a SLOR was evaluated and optimized for faculty in the field of plastic surgery.

Most studies investigate sexual dysfunction in drug abusers; however, there are no data available about the pattern of drug abuse in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation (PE).

To assess the pattern of drug abuse in patients with lifelong PE and to evaluate its potential effect on their hormonal profile.

A cross-sectional study included patients with lifelong PE (n=76) with no prescribed medications for 1month and age-matched control without PE (n=48). Participants were evaluated by history, examination, Arabic index of PE, and hormonal profile. A urine sample was screened by dipstick kits for the following drug abuse tramadol, opiate, tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis), amphetamine, barbiturate, cocaine, and benzodiazepines. Positive results were confirmed with a immunoassay drug analyzer.

The outcomes of this study are positive and negative drug abuse and hormonal profile changes.

Control patients and patients with PE showed median (interquartile range) of age 43 (33-46.8) and 38.5 (31-45) yea Cross-Sectional Study. Sex Med 2020;8608-614.

Drug abuse is high among patients with lifelong PE in Upper Egypt, with tramadol being the comment drug. Drug abuse is common among smokers. ASA However, no hormonal disturbance could be shown in drug abuse patients. Drug abuse might be considered in the evaluation of patients with PE. Mohammed SA, Abdelhamed A, El Sayed RM. Evaluation of Drug Abuse in Patients With Lifelong Premature Ejaculation A Cross-Sectional Study. Sex Med 2020;8608-614.