Strandcolon4990
Furthermore, a
mutation in a uropathogenic
background exhibited significantly greater motility than the wild-type strain following growth in an acidic medium.
Together, our results suggest that GadE may down-regulate
transcription and motility in
grown under acidic conditions.
Together, our results suggest that GadE may down-regulate fliC transcription and motility in E. coli grown under acidic conditions.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite significant advances in screening, surgical management and adjuvant therapies, average 5-year survival seldom exceeds 60% in most developed nations. Metastatic disease represents the primary cause of mortality in patients with CRC, and the liver is the most common location for distant tumour spread. Up to 25% of patients are found to have synchronous liver metastases at the time of diagnosis and a further 30%-40% will develop metachronous disease in the course of follow-up. It has been suggested that primary tumour location [right side versus left side, primary tumour location (PTL)] can influence oncological outcomes in this patient group and that this should be considered in prognostic models and therapeutic decision-making algorithms. This suggestion is not universally accepted and there have been conflicting reports in the literature to date.
To provide a comprehensive summary of the available evidence retic recurrence after treatment of CRCLM appears to occur more aggressively with right-sided CRC.
Taken together, the findings of the present review indicate that PTL may have a role as an independent prognostic factor when determining treatment and disease surveillance strategies in CRC. The mechanisms responsible for this variation remain poorly understood, but are likely to relate to molecular, histological and embryological differences, as well as inherent differences in therapeutic sensitivity.
Taken together, the findings of the present review indicate that PTL may have a role as an independent prognostic factor when determining treatment and disease surveillance strategies in CRC. The mechanisms responsible for this variation remain poorly understood, but are likely to relate to molecular, histological and embryological differences, as well as inherent differences in therapeutic sensitivity.
Invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC) form 5%-10% of breast cancer and rarely show overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (
).
To describe the prevalence and prognostic factors of
positive (
) ILC in an Asian population.
A retrospective review of patients with ILC seen between January 1985 and March 2018 at various SingHealth medical institutions was conducted. learn more Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records. We examined clinicopathological characteristics and survival in relation to
status.
A total of 864 patients were included. Prevalence of
positivity was 10.1% (87 patients). Compared with
negative (
) ILC,
ILC was associated with a higher proportion of estrogen receptor negative (24.4%
5.9%,
< 0.001), progesterone receptor negative (
) (40.2%
24%,
= 0.002) and grade 3 tumours (Grade 3, 29.0%
10.2%,
< 0.001). Overall survival rate was poorer in patients with
compared to
ILC (56.7%
72.9% alive at 10 years; hazard ratio 1.87, 95% confidence interval 1.21-2.90,
= 0.004). Based on multivariate analysis, negative prognostic factors for overall survival included
positivity,
negativity, older age, Indian ethnicity and higher tumour stage.
Prevalence of
ILC was 10.1%.
ILC was more likely to have poorer prognostic features such as estrogen receptor negative,
and higher tumour grade, and have a poorer survival.
Prevalence of HER2+ ILC was 10.1%. HER2+ ILC was more likely to have poorer prognostic features such as estrogen receptor negative, PR- and higher tumour grade, and have a poorer survival.Development of immunologic-based biopharmaceutical products have strikingly increased in recent years and have made evident contributions to human health. Antibodies are the leading entity in immunotherapy, while chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapies are the advent of a novel strategy in this area. In order to enable antibody candidates or cells available as products, formulation is critical in terms of stabilize molecules or cells to achieve practical shelf life, storage and handling conditions. Here we provide a concise and contemporary review of ongoing formulation strategies and excipients used in approved antibodies and cellular therapeutic products. Excipients are categorized, and their function in formulations are discussed.CITED2 (CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich C-terminal domain, 2) is a ubiquitously expressed protein exhibiting a high affinity for the CH1 domain of the transcriptional co-activators CBP/p300, for which it competes with hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). CITED2 is particularly efficient in the inhibition of HIF-1α-dependent transcription in different contexts, ranging from organ development and metabolic homeostasis to tissue regeneration and immunity, being also potentially involved in various other physiological processes. In addition, CITED2 plays an important role in inhibiting HIF in some diseases, including kidney and heart diseases and type 2-diabetes. In the particular case of cancer, CITED2 either functions by promoting or suppressing cancer development depending on the context and type of tumors. For instance, CITED2 overexpression promotes breast and prostate cancers, as well as acute myeloid leukemia, while its expression is downregulated to sustain colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the role of CITED2 in the maintenance of cancer stem cells reveals its potential as a target in non-small cell lung carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia, for example. But besides the wide body of evidence linking both CITED2 and HIF signaling to carcinogenesis, little data is available regarding CITED2 role as a negative regulator of HIF-1α specifically in cancer. Therefore, comprehensive studies exploring further the interactions of these two important mediators in cancer-specific models are sorely needed and this can potentially lead to the development of novel targeted therapies.
