Stonerowland6874

This study aimed to identify the independent and combined effects of age, BMI at first prenatal visit and GWG on the risk of GDM. A retrospective cohort study of 1,951 pregnant women in Seremban district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. GDM was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥5.6 mmol/l and/or 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPPG) ≥7.8 mmol/l. A higher percentage of women with GDM had 2 risk factors (29.0%) or >2 risk factors (8.6%) compared to non-GDM women (2 risk factors 25.5%; >2 risk factors 5.0%). In general, women with ≥2 risk factors were respectively 1.36-2.06 times more likely to have GDM compared to those without risk factors. Older maternal age and being overweight/obese were significantly associated with risk of GDM. Overweight/obese women with age ≥35 years had 2.45 times higher risk of GDM and having excessive GWG at second trimester further increased the risk of GDM. Age and BMI are independent risk factors for GDM but not GWG in the first and second trimester. The findings emphasize the need to focus on a healthy BMI before pregnancy and optimal GWG during pregnancy to improve pregnancy outcomes.Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide with cytoprotective effect in many tissues. Administration of HN analogs has been proposed as therapeutic approach for degenerative diseases. Although HN has been shown to protect normal tissues from chemotherapy, its role in tumor pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effect of HN on the progression of experimental triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The meta-analysis of transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas indicated that HN and its receptors are expressed in breast cancer specimens. By immunohistochemistry we observed up-regulation of HN in TNBC biopsies when compared to mammary gland sections from healthy donors. Addition of exogenous HN protected TNBC cells from apoptotic stimuli whereas shRNA-mediated HN silencing reduced their viability and enhanced their chemo-sensitivity. Systemic administration of HN in TNBC-bearing mice reduced tumor apoptotic rate, impaired the antitumor and anti-metastatic effect of chemotherapy and stimulated tumor progression, accelerating tumor growth and development of spontaneous lung metastases. These findings suggest that HN may exert pro-tumoral effects and thus, caution should be taken when using exogenous HN to treat degenerative diseases. In addition, our study suggests that HN blockade could constitute a therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in breast cancer.Acoustic standing wave devices offer excellent potential applications in biological sciences for drug delivery, cell manipulation and tissue engineering. However, concerns have been raised about possible destructive effects on cells due to the applied acoustic field, in addition to other produced secondary factors. Here, we report a systematic study employing a 1D resonant acoustic trapping device to evaluate the cell viability and cell metabolism for a healthy cell line (Human Dermal Fibroblasts, HDF) and a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), as a function of time and voltages applied (4-10 Vpp) under temperature-controlled conditions. We demonstrate that high cell viability can be achieved reliably when the device is operated at its minimum trapping voltage and tuned carefully to maximise the acoustic standing wave field at the cavity resonance. We found that cell viability and reductive metabolism for both cell lines are kept close to control levels at room temperature and at 34 °C after 15 minutes of acoustic exposure, while shorter acoustic exposures and small changes on temperature and voltages, had detrimental effects on cells. Our study highlights the importance of developing robust acoustic protocols where the operating mode of the acoustic device is well defined, characterized and its temperature carefully controlled, for the application of acoustic standing waves when using live cells and for potential clinical applications.Systemic toxicity caused by conventional chemotherapy is often regarded as one of the major challenges in the treatment of cancer. Over years, the trigger-based modality has gained much attention as it holds the spatiotemporal control over release and internalization of the drug. In this article, we are reporting an increase in the anti-tumor efficacy of curcumin due to ultrasound pulses. MDA MB 231 breast cancer and B16F10 melanoma cells were incubated with lecithin-based curcumin encapsulated nanoemulsions and exposed to ultrasound in the presence and absence of microbubble. Ultrasound induced sonoporation enhanced the cytotoxicity of curcumin in MDA MB 231 and B16F10 cancer cells in the presence of microbubble by 100- and 64-fold, respectively. To study the spatiotemporal delivery of curcumin, we developed B16F10 melanoma subcutaneous tumor on both the flanks of C57BL/6 mice but only the right tumor was exposed to ultrasound. Insonation of the right tumor spatially enhanced the cytotoxicity and enabled the substantial regression of the right tumor compared to the unexposed left tumor which grew continuously in size. This study showed that the ultrasound has the potential to target and increase the drug's throughput to the tumor and enable effective treatment.Methods for direct C-H trifluoromethoxylation of arenes and heteroarenes are rare, despite the importance of trifluoromethoxylated compounds for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and material sciences. Especially selective C-H trifluoromethoxylation of pyridines remains a formidable challenge. Here we show a general late-stage C-H trifluoromethoxylation of arenes and heteroarenes as limiting reagent with trifluoromethoxide anion. The reaction is mediated by silver salts under mild reaction conditions, exhibiting broad substrate scope and wide functional-group compatibility. Nintedanib purchase In addition, ortho-position selective C-H trifluoromethoxylation of pyridines is observed. The method is not only applicable to the gram-scale synthesis of trifluoromethoxylated products but also allows efficient late-stage C-H trifluoromethoxylation of marketed small-molecule drugs, common pharmacophores and natural products.