Stevensparker8023

INTRODUCTION Connectome analysis of the human brain's structural and functional architecture provides a unique opportunity to understand the organization of the brain's functional architecture. In previous studies, connectome fingerprinting using brain functional connectivity profiles as an individualized trait was able to predict an individual's neurocognitive performance from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) neurocognitive datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we extend connectome fingerprinting from functional connectivity (FC) to structural connectivity (SC), identifying multiple relationships between behavioral traits and brain connectivity. Higher-order neurocognitive tasks were found to have a weaker association with structural connectivity than its functional connectivity counterparts. RESULTS Neurocognitive tasks with a higher sensory footprint were, however, found to have a stronger association with structural connectivity than their functional connectivity counterparts. Language behavioral measurements had a particularly stronger correlation, especially between performance on the picture language test (Pic Vocab) and both FC (r = .28, p  less then  .003) and SC (r = 0.27, p  less then  .00077). CONCLUSIONS At the neural level, we found that the pattern of structural brain connectivity related to high-level language performance is consistent with the language white matter regions identified in presurgical mapping. We illustrate how this approach can be used to generalize the connectome fingerprinting framework to structural connectivity and how this can help understand the connections between cognitive behavior and the white matter connectome of the brain. © 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders of the bone marrow, and are associated with a high disease burden, reduced quality of life (QOL), and shortened survival. This multinational, multicenter, non-interventional registry "MERGE" was initiated with an objective to collect data on the epidemiological indices of classical Ph-MPNs, existing treatment patterns, and impact of MPNs on health-related QOL in various countries/regions in Asia, including the Middle East, Turkey, and Algeria. Of the 884 eligible patients with MPNs, 169 had myelofibrosis (MF), 301 had polycythemia vera (PV), 373 had essential thrombocythemia (ET), and 41 had unclassified MPNs. The median age was 58 years (range, 47-66 years), and 50% of patients were males. The prevalence and incidence of MPNs were estimated to be 57-81 and 12-15 per 100 000 hospital patients per year over the last 4 years, respectively, in these countries. Total symptom score (mean [standard deviation; SD]) at baseline was highest in patients with MF (23.5 [17.47]) compared with patients with ET (14.6 [14.26]) and PV (16.6 [14.84]). Patients with ET had a lower mean (SD) number of inpatient visits (0.9 [0.77] days), and patients with MF had more outpatient visits (5.2 [3.17] days) on an average, compared with the entire MPN group. The study showed that patients with MPNs have a severe disease burden and reduced QOL. A discordance between physician and patient perception of symptom assessment was observed in this study (International clinical trials registry ID CTRI/2014/05/004598). see more © 2020 The Authors and Novartis Pharma AG. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The diversity and increasing prevalence of products derived from engineered nanomaterials (ENM), warrants implementation of non-animal approaches to health hazard assessment for ethical and practical reasons. Although non-animal approaches are becoming increasingly popular, there are almost no studies of side-by-side comparisons with traditional in vivo assays. Here, transcriptomics is used to investigate mechanistic similarities between healthy/asthmatic models of 3D air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of donor-derived human bronchial epithelia cells, and mouse lung tissue, following exposure to copper oxide ENM. Only 19% of mouse lung genes with human orthologues are not expressed in the human 3D ALI model. Despite differences in taxonomy and cellular complexity between the systems, a core subset of matching genes cluster mouse and human samples strictly based on ENM dose (exposure severity). Overlapping gene orthologue pairs are highly enriched for innate immune functions, suggesting an important and maybe underestimated role of epithelial cells. In conclusion, 3D ALI models based on epithelial cells, are primed to bridge the gap between traditional 2D in vitro assays and animal models of airway exposure, and transcriptomics appears to be a unifying dose metric that links in vivo and in vitro test systems. © 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Toad bone not only rich in cartilage-like matrix components including collagen II and glycosaminoglycans but also presents low immunogenicity because of its much less developed evolution. It was inferred that decellularized matrix of toad cartilage (dBECM) may provide the more profitable osteoinductive microenvironment for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to promote the repair of critical-size bone defects. Herein, a hollow bone-inspired tube was firstly prepared by using the bone matrix component, hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly (γ-glutamic acid) (PGA), and then MSCs/dBECM hydrogel was uniformly filled its central cavity to construct a biomimetic bone (dBECM+MSCs-PGA+HA). Firstly, in vitro scratch and transwell experiments showed that dBECM hydrogel not only could effectively promote migration and proliferation of MSCs but also induce their osteogenic differentiation presented by higher expression of ALP, Collagen I and OCN after 28 days of treatment. Moreover, the less inflammatory macrophages were infiltrated atffold might be a promising strategy to improve radius defect healing efficiency. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.