Stevensonboswell7681

Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial cause of infections in poultry farms. SANT-1 research buy It is known for its genetic heterogenicity that complicates the protection of poultry health through immunoprophylaxis. In farms with continuous problems with colibacillosis, autogenous E. coli vaccine was implemented to the vaccination program instead of commercial vaccines. In this study, we investigated the effect of the autogenous vaccine on E. coli phylogroup diversity on 2 broiler breeder farms with 4 and 5 flocks, respectively. The first flocks on both farms were vaccinated with commercial vaccines, while application of autogenous vaccine was introduced in the second flock on both farms. In total, 113 strains were selected based on the target organs and age of chickens. Targeted organs were the peritoneum, liver, oviduct, and bone marrow, and analyzed strains were isolated from chickens older than 21 wk of age when problems with colibacillosis start emerging. The strains were phylotyped by PCR and allocated to phylogroups A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F or clades I-V. The results showed that autogenous vaccine could significantly affect the phylogroup shift of the strains. On farm A, application of the autogenous vaccine induced significantly lower prevalence (P = 0.01) of the phylogroups represented in the vaccine among the strains later isolated from the vaccinated flock, while on farm B, the results showed a decrease in the phylogenetic diversity with a dominant prevalence of group B2 despite the vaccine application. The results indicate that implementation of the autogenous vaccine can repress the majority of the strains, but also be unable to eliminate the presence of certain phylogroups, and thus lead to strain shift. Further detailed analyses of multilocus sequence typing and virulence genes will elucidate the pathogenic potential and selection of certain strains, with emphasis on B2 phylogroup.Microalgal treatment of undiluted raw piggery wastewater is challenging due to ammonia toxicity and a deep dark color hampering photosynthesis. To overcome these problems, (1) a microalga (Coelastrella sp.) was isolated from an ammonia-rich environment, (2) the wastewater treatment was divided into two steps a heterotrophic process followed by a mixotrophic process, and (3) a narrower transparent photobioreactor was employed with higher light intensity in the mixotrophic process. Coelastrella sp. removed 99% of ammonia, 92% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 100% of phosphorus during the 4-day process. Acetate in the wastewater relieved the ammonia stress on microalgae and promoted algal lipid and triacylglycerol productivity. Oxidative stability and low-temperature fluidity of triacylglycerols in lipids were improved by means of an altered fatty acid profile. Aside from the overall microalgal treatment performance, the proposed processing of piggery wastewater yielded a material suitable for possible production of algal biodiesel of better quality.A weakly acidic ammonium-rich wastewater (STL) was intended to reuse as a moisture conditioning agent for composting to increase nitrogen content of compost. The influence of adding STL in the mesophilic period (MP), thermophilic period (TP), and cooling period (CP) on composting performance was investigated. Results revealed that organic degradation was strongly suppressed in MP, whereas no difference (p > 0.05) was observed between CP and control group (using tap water as moisture conditioning agent). The hydrolysis and mineralization of organic matter in TP were partly stimulated because reusing STL reduced free ammonia concentrations ( less then 400 mg/L) of windrows. Additionally, the ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content of compost in TP increased by 71% and 425% without additional greenhouse gas emissions compared with control group. Therefore, ammonium-rich wastewater like STL could substitute tap water to condition compost moisture content and increase the nitrogen content of compost during the thermophilic composting period.The mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 elimination in copper contamination poultry manure was evaluated by semi-permeable membrane composting. The results showed the mcr-1 in control and high copper groups could not be removed, but mcr-1 decreased superlatively 80.1% in low copper treatment group. BlaNDM-1 was increased after composting, especially the copper addition groups, the results indicated that the relative abundance of mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 was obviously different in the different pile layers of copper treatment groups. Three mobile gene elements (MEGs) correlated both mcr-1 and blaNDM-1,copB correlated mcr-1, czcA and copA correlated both mcr-1 and blaNDM-1. The major phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria in all layers. The correlation analysis showed that the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) potential hosts could be influenced by copper form and physicochemical parameters. Semi-permeable membrane composting could decrease the abundance of major potential pathogens. Furthermore, the composting pile was not homogeneous by semi-permeable membrane composting.

The age-dependent survival impact of body mass index (BMI) remains to be fully addressed in patients with gastric carcinoma (GC). We investigated the prognostic impacts of BMI in elderly (≥70 years) and non-elderly patients undergoing surgery for GC.

In total, 1168GC patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were stratified into 3 groups according to BMI; low (<20), medium (20-25) and high (>25). The effects of BMI on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox hazards models.

There were 242 (20.7%), 685 (58.7%) and 241 (20.6%) patients in the low-, medium- and high-BMI groups, respectively. The number of patients with high BMI but decreased muscle mass was extremely small (n=13, 1.1%). Patients in the low-BMI group exhibited significantly poorer OS than those in the high- and medium-BMI group (P<0.001). Notably, BMI classification significantly demarcated OS and CSS curves (both P<0.001) in non-elderly patients, while did not in elderly patients (OS; P=0.