Stevensburnham5722

Ethiopia is one of the Sub-Saharan Africa with the highest number of people living with HIV. Amhara region is one of the regions in the country in which many people are under medication. The main objective of this research was to identify significant predictors of non-adherence to medication and time to default from treatment for HIV infected patients under HAART.

A retrospective secondary data were obtained from a random sample of 220 HIV patients under HAART. Separate and joint modeling approaches were conducted in data analysis. Joint modeling was conducted for analysis of non-adherence to medication and the time to default from treatment. In the joint model, a GLMM and Cox PH sub-models were fit together for non-adherence to medication and time to default from treatment.

The significant predictors for the variables of interests in current investigation were length of visiting time(AOR of 95% CI=0.866 (0.752, 0.997), female patients(AOR of 95% CI= 0.219 (0.067, 0.717)), patients disclosed the disease(AOR of 95% CI= 0.353 (0.194,0.641)), patients who got social support(AOR of 95% CI= 0.252 (0.194,0.631)), patients living with parter(AOR of 95% CI=0.188 (0.042,0.844)), patients with owner of cell phone(AOR of 95%CI= 0.272 (0.081,0.916)), urban HIV patients(AOR of 94%CI= 0.238 (0.078,0.722)), patients with working functional status(AOR of 95% CI= 0.234 (0.079,0.692)), patients with normal BMI(AOR of 95% CI=0.921 (0.881, 0.963)), patients with high baseline CD4 cell count(AOR of 95% CI=0.873 (0.552, 0.997)).

Some groups of HIV patients were non-adherent to medication and defaulted from treatment. Health related education is recommended for non-adherent patients to be adherent for the prescribed medication and live long in the treatment.

Some groups of HIV patients were non-adherent to medication and defaulted from treatment. Health related education is recommended for non-adherent patients to be adherent for the prescribed medication and live long in the treatment.

In Uganda, over 43% of all pregnancies among young women (15-24 years) living with HIV are either unwanted or mistimed. Unintended pregnancies account for 21.3% of neonatal HIV infections. The objective was to determine acceptability of contraceptives and associated factors among young women living with HIV attending HIV clinics in Kampala.

Between February and May 2019, 450 young women attending public HIV clinics (Kisenyi HC IV, Kiswa HC III and Komamboga HC III) in Kampala were systematically enrolled in a cross sectional study and interviewed using structured questionnaires. We used modified Poisson regression to determine the factors associated with acceptability of contraceptive. Data were analyzed using STATA 13.0. read more Statistical significance was determined at a P values < 0.05.

Contraceptive acceptability was 40.7% (95% CI 27.6%-53.6%). Older age group (20-24 years) (aPR; 2.42, 95%CI; 1.06-5.52, P = 0.035), age at sex debut ≥ 18 years (aPR;1.25,95%CI; 1.13-1.38, P<0.001), having friend on contraceptives (aPR; 1.90, 95%CI; 1.10 - 3.26; P =0.021) and being married (aPR; 1.20, 95%CI; 1.09 - 1.32, P<0.001) were significantly associated with acceptability of contraceptives.

There is a low acceptability for contraceptives. Younger age group who are not yet married need to be targeted.

There is a low acceptability for contraceptives. Younger age group who are not yet married need to be targeted.

Cervical precancerous lesions are disorders that can induce discolouration changes. Their detection is difficult in remote areas in the absence of adequate equipment. The objectives were to evaluate Smartphone performance in diagnosing cervical precancerous lesions in Tchibanga, Gabon.

It was an interventional cross-sectional study to evaluate the validity and reliability of the smartphone as a tool for diagnosing atypical changes in the cervix. Study period was between July 1, 2017 to February 28, 2018 at the Tchibanga Regional Hospital (CHRT) and the University Hospital (CHU). The variability between examiners was determined according to Cohen's Kappa formula. The Gold standard test was the cytology.

Compared to the examiner -1, the examiner - 2 found a high percentage of inflammations as atypical transformations 15.3% versus 9%. With regard to smartphonic impressions, the examiner-1 found the normal impressions almost equal to that of the examiner-2, 72.9% versus 72.2%. The concordance between positive smartphonic impressions was 93.8% and 95.5% between negative smartphonic impressions, with k = 0.86.

In view of the above, the concordance between positive and negative smart phonic impressions was 93.8 and 95.5% with k = 0.86. The performance parameters being good, there is a need to use the smartphone as a tool for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions.

In view of the above, the concordance between positive and negative smart phonic impressions was 93.8 and 95.5% with k = 0.86. The performance parameters being good, there is a need to use the smartphone as a tool for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions.

The main aim of this study was to explore the sources of consultation that women seek during premenstural syndrome (PMS), and to establish the association between the severity of PMS and how it affects the quality of life.

Cross sectional study of 179 female patients, using an Arabic validated version of the shortened premenstrual assessment form, and a 7-item quality of life questionnaire that was developed by the researchers. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability via a pilot study before the initiation of data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.

179 women participated in the study, with more than half of them aged between 20-30 years old. PMS prevalence was 88%; patient's predominantly sought help from their relatives (51%), followed by physicians (34%). There was no association found between the severity of premenstrual symptoms and seeking consultation. PMS symptoms affected women's daily activities (p-value 0.039), their satisfaction with their general appearance (p-value 0.001) and weight (p-value 0.022), and affected their relationships with family members (p-value 0.001) and other people (p-value 0.002).

PMS is a common condition that affects women and their quality of life in several ways. Physicians and primary health care providers must be more vigilant in detecting the presence of PMS.

PMS is a common condition that affects women and their quality of life in several ways. Physicians and primary health care providers must be more vigilant in detecting the presence of PMS.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a significant public health challenge globally, with higher disease burden in developing countries. HBV genotypes are associated with different geographical regions and clinical outcomes. Limited information exists on epidemiology of HBV in the Niger-Delta region (South-South) of Nigeria. Consequently, this study was designed to characterise hepatitis B virus infection among outpatients in selected tertiary hospitals in the region.

Between June and August 2017, consenting nine hundred asymptomatic out-patients were enrolled and initially screened for HBV infection using one step Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) strip and subsequently re-tested using HBsAg and Hepatitis B core total antibody (anti-HBc) specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Blood serum with detectable HBsAg were subsequently subjected to DNA extraction, S-gene amplification using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol, gel electrophoresis, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Seroprevalence of HBsAg was 4.6% (95% CI 2.5-7.1) and anti-HBc was 10.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.1-15.3). Of the 41 HBsAg positive samples subjected to DNA extraction and HBV S-gene specific PCR, only 6 (14.6%) yielded the expected ∼408bp band. Phylogenetic analysis based on HBV pre-S/S sequences identified all six typable samples as genotype E, subtype ayw4 of the West African clade.

Results of the study confirm the presence and circulation of HBV genotype-E in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria, thus corroborating the inclusion of the country in the Genotype E crescent. The authors advocate value-added HBV intervention in the region and the country at large.

Results of the study confirm the presence and circulation of HBV genotype-E in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria, thus corroborating the inclusion of the country in the Genotype E crescent. The authors advocate value-added HBV intervention in the region and the country at large.

Endometriosis is the existence of endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity. It has high prevalence in women living in developed countries but is believed to be rare among indigenous African women.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of endometriosis in an indigenous African women population.

Gynaecological specimens received and diagnosed as endometriosis in a teaching hospital's Histopathology laboratory over a 5-year period was retrospectively reviewed. Data obtained were analysed by simple statistical methods.

There were 25 diagnosed cases of endometriosis representing 0.9% of gynaecological specimens received in the period. Patients' average age is 38.4±8.4 years; peak age was 31- 40 years (n=10; 40%). Myometrium is the most common site (n=16; 64%), other sites include umbilicus and round ligament etc. Pelvic pain, 36% and irregular uterine bleeding, 28% are most common symptoms. There was primary and secondary infertility in 20% and 16% of cases respectively. The umbilical and suprapubic masses had symptoms that synchronised with the patient's menstrual cycle.

Endometriosis has low prevalence in our population. Women presenting with chronic pelvic pain, infertility and menstrual disorders should be evaluated for endometriosis. Population-based study is required to further characterize the condition in our population.

Endometriosis has low prevalence in our population. Women presenting with chronic pelvic pain, infertility and menstrual disorders should be evaluated for endometriosis. Population-based study is required to further characterize the condition in our population.

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease which is common in many areas of the world including Egypt. A lot of controversy regarding the pathogenesis of UC exist. The current study is an attempt to detect some pathogenic bacteria in UC patients.

Endoscopic colonic biopsies obtained from 40 patients with ulcerative colitis and 20 controls were analyzed by means of real-time PCR technique for the presence of

(

) and pathogenic

(

which are positive for KPC and/or OXA-48.

All patients and control samples were negative for

. Three of the 40 patient samples (7.5%) and none of the 20 controls were positive for

with no significant difference between the two groups. KPC-positive

were detected in 11 of the 40 patients (27.5%) and in none of the controls with a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.01). All patients and control samples were negative for OXA-48 positive E. coli.

Although this study does not support the claim that

and/or

have a role in UC, it greatly suggests that pathogenic

may be involved in one way or another in the course of UC.