Stephensjuarez5919
impact of COVID-19 in a country like India with wide heterogeneity. 'Smart vaccination', based on public health considerations, rather than mass vaccination, appears prudent.
To assess implementation and to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation, sustainability and scalability of an implementation strategy to provide lay health workers (LHWs) with the knowledge, skills and tools needed to implement an intervention to support patient tuberculosis (TB) treatment adherence.
Mixed-methods design including a cluster randomised controlled trial and process evaluation informed by the RE-AIM framework.
Forty-five health centres (HCs) in four districts in the south east zone of Malawi, who had an opportunity to receive cascade training.
Forty-five peer-trainers (PTs), 23 patients and 20 LHWs.
Implementation strategy employing peer-led educational outreach, a clinical support tool and peer support network to implement a TB treatment adherence intervention.
Process data were collected from study initiation to the end-of-study PT meeting, and included LHW and patient interviews, quarterly PT meeting notes, training logs and study team observations and meeting notes. 02533089.
NCT02533089.
Clinical recommendations for childhood asthma are often based on data extrapolated from studies conducted in adults, despite significant differences in mechanisms and response to treatments. The Paediatric Asthma in Real Life (PeARL) Think Tank aspires to develop recommendations based on the best available evidence from studies in children. An overview of systematic reviews (SRs) on paediatric asthma maintenance management and an SR of treatments for acute asthma attacks in children, requiring an emergency presentation with/without hospital admission will be conducted.
Standard methodology recommended by Cochrane will be followed. Maintenance pharmacotherapy of childhood asthma will be evaluated in an overview of SRs published after 2005 and including clinical trials or real-life studies. For evaluating pharmacotherapy of acute asthma attacks leading to an emergency presentation with/without hospital admission, we opted to conduct de novo synthesis in the absence of adequate up-to-date published SRs. For rnals and will inform clinical recommendations being developed by the PeARL Think Tank.
CRD42020132990, CRD42020171624.
CRD42020132990, CRD42020171624.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are complex multifactorial disorders. Reversible treatment has been suggested for the initial management of TMD; however, comparable therapeutic effects of different reversible intervention modalities remain controversial. Various biopsychosocial factors, which may be putative prognostic factors that influence the response to reversible treatment for TMD, have been reported to increase the risk of developing first-onset TMD. However, there is a paucity of research that aims to identify prognostic factors associated with the clinical outcomes of reversible treatment in people with TMD. The objective of this prospective cohort study is to identify prognostic factors that are associated with clinical outcomes of reversible treatment in patients with TMD and to analyse the risk factors that influence the development of chronic TMD.
We plan to recruit 834 patients with TMD who meet the inclusion criteria. Once informed consent is obtained, baseline data, including anamnestic n Epidemiology statement. The authors intend to publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal.
ChiCTR2000033328.
ChiCTR2000033328.
The relationship between
and the intestinal microbiota has not yet been clearly demonstrated in children and adolescents. The present study aimed at evaluating how
infection could affect the intestinal microbiota in adolescents using genetic analysis.
Cross-sectional study.
We included subjects from a longitudinal project involving
screening and treatment of junior high school third-grade students (aged 14 or 15 years) in Saga Prefecture. The study included a control group (n=79) and an
group (n=80) tested negative and positive for the anti-
antibody in the urine and
antigen in stool specimens, respectively.
The intestinal microbiota was evaluated in stool specimens using 16S rRNA gene/DNA/amplicon sequencing with next-generation sequencing.
We assessed alpha and beta diversity, just as well as relative abundances within the bacterial composition at the genus level in both groups.
As shown by the alpha diversity of the 16S rRNA gene/DNA/amplicon sequence data, the control group exhibited lower microbial species richness with lower alpha diversity compared with the
group (p<0.001). The beta diversity of the intestinal microbiota profile also differed between the two groups (p<0.01). The relative abundance of the
genus was higher in the
group (p<0.01) concomitant with a gain in body mass index (BMI) in the
group (p<0.01) compared with the control group.
infection significantly affected the intestinal microbiota in Japanese adolescents. In addition, the prevalence of the
genus is concomitantly increased along with the BMI in
-infected students.
UMIN000028721.
UMIN000028721.
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a serious and advanced stage of various cardiovascular diseases and portends poor prognosis. An increase in clinical studies has reported the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). For example, intravenous Chinese medicine can significantly improve cardiac function and biomarkers in patients with CHF. However, there exists inconsistency, lack of practicality and unclear reporting of outcomes in these clinical trials causing difficulty in the comparison of results across similar studies during data synthesis. A core outcome set (COS) can help in the standardisation of outcomes reported across studies from the same healthcare area. The aim of this study is to develop a COS on TCM for CHF (COS-TCM-CHF) to reduce heterogeneity in reporting and improve quality assessment in clinical trials to support data synthesis in addressing the effectiveness of TCM treatment.
This study will include constructing an outcome pool which will identify potential outcomes through sys on the website of Chinese Clinical Trials for Core Outcome Set, with open access publications and present at international conferences to reach a wide range of knowledge users.
http//www.comet-initiative.org/studies/details/1486.
http//www.comet-initiative.org/studies/details/1486.
Several studies have evaluated the diagnostic values of D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) for detecting periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), but their conclusions have been inconsistent. More importantly, whether the diagnostic value of these two biomarkers differs depending on whether they are assayed in plasma or serum is unclear.
This prospective single-centre, parallel comparative study will involve patients planning to undergo revision hip or knee arthroplasty due to an aseptic mechanical failure or PJI. After the patients provide written informed consent, their serum and plasma will be sampled and assayed for D-dimer and FDP. The diagnostic value of these two biomarkers in plasma and serum will be compared with one another and with the value of two traditional inflammatory markers (C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) used to diagnose PJI according to the 2013 International Consensus Meeting criteria. Diagnostic value will be assessed in terms of area under receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values, all calculated based on the optimal cut-off determined from the Youden index.
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of our hospital (approval no. 2020-859). Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients before enrollment. Study findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000038547), and it is ongoing.
To systematically review and qualitatively evaluate epidemiological evidence on associations between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer via meta-analysis.
MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE, until March 2021.
Included were publications that (1) were original epidemiological studies on PD and cancer; (2) reported risk estimates; (3) were in English. Exclusion criteria included (1) review/comments; (2) biological studies; (3) case report/autopsy studies; (4) irrelevant exposure/outcome; (5) treated cases; (6) no measure of risk estimates; (7) no confidence intervals/exact p values and (8) duplicates.
PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed in data extraction. Two-step screening was performed by two authors blinded to each other. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled relative risk (RR).
We included publications that assessed the risk of PD in individuals with vs without cancer and the risk of cancer in individuals with vs without PD.
A total of 63 studies and 17 994 584 participants were included. Meta-analysis generated a pooled RR of 0.82 (n=33; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.88; p<0.001) for association between PD and total cancer, 0.76 (n=21; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.85; p<0.001) for PD and smoking-related cancer and 0.92 (n=19; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99; p=0.03) for non-smoking-related cancer. PD was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (n=29; pooled RR=1.75; 95% CI 1.43 to 2.14; p<0.001) but not for other skin cancers (n=17; pooled RR=0.90; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.34; p=0.60).
PD and total cancer were inversely associated. Selleck EGFR inhibitor This inverse association persisted for both smoking-related and non-smoking-related cancers. PD was positively associated with melanoma. These results provide evidence for further investigations for possible mechanistic associations between PD and cancer.
CRD42020162103.
CRD42020162103.
To explore whether the physical activity (PA) environment (walkability, greenspace and recreational facilities) surrounding regional primary schools is associated with children's PA levels, active transport and weight status. Limited research on this topic has been conducted outside of major cities.
Cross-sectional ecological study using baseline data from two large-scale obesity prevention interventions.
Eighty (n=80) primary schools across two regional areas in Victoria, Australia.
Students aged 8-13 years (n=2144) attending participating primary schools.
Measured weight status (body mass index z-score, proportion overweight/obese) and self-reported PA behaviours (meeting PA recommendations and active travel behaviour).
When adjusted for student and school demographics, students had significantly increased odds of using active transport to or from school when the school neighbourhood was more walkable (OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.35), had a greater number of greenspaces (OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.53)) and a greater number of recreational facilities (OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.31)). A higher cumulative PA environment score was also associated with a higher proportion of children using active transport (OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.51)). There were no significant associations between the PA environment measures and either weight status or meeting the PA recommendations in adjusted models.
This study is the first of its kind exploring school neighbourhood environments and child weight status and PA in regional areas of Australia. It highlights the potential of the environment surrounding primary schools in contributing to students' active travel to and from school. Further research with the use of objective PA measurement is warranted in regional areas that have been under-researched.
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR.org.au) identifier 12616000980437; Results.
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR.org.au) identifier 12616000980437; Results.
