Stentoftnymann2662

Most GI melanomas showed typical endoscopic manifestations, including black plaques. EUS is a reliable tool for evaluating the depth of infiltration of GI melanoma.Gastrointestinal tracts were obtained from 120 raccoons (Procyon lotor) on properties in the state of Mississippi, USA, with and without wildlife baiting to observe the effects of baiting on parasite prevalence and intensity. Raccoons from baited properties had higher prevalence of Gnathostoma procyonis and higher intensities of Physaloptera rara and Macracanthorhynchus ingens, which can cross species barriers.Current progress in technology, especially wireless body area network (WBAN) became one of the enabling technologies that provide many successful applications in non-medical or medical field. WBAN is a communication standard optimised for low power devices and operation on, in or around the human body, to monitor the human health issues and route the physical or vital data from biosensors nodes to the server for further analysis. The challenge of WBAN is that the energy of the biosensors is limited by the battery life and many routing protocols have been designed specifically for relaying collected data to a base station for additional processing, it might differ depending on the network architecture. This paper based on the recent publications provides a WBAN survey.Introduction Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common malignant mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal system. Multiple advances in the management of GIST from the discovery of KIT/PDGRA and other genetic alterations have led to the development of multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Response assessment in GIST is determined with iRECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors), PERCIST (PET response criteria in solid tumors) or Choi criteria. Molecular genotyping of the tissue samples is the recent standard for diagnosis, treatment and response to treatment.Areas covered Here we provide a brief overview of the history of the GIST, molecular sequencing, available treatment options and clinical trials, radiologic response assessment and the role of ctDNA in response evaluation.Expert opinion Future GIST management is related to the development of sensitive assays to detect genetic alterations for initial diagnosis, treatment selection, monitoring the response to treatment, resistant mutations and predicting survival.Introduction The management of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complicated, requiring a multidisciplinary approach that includes dietary phosphate restriction, dialysis, and phosphate binders.Areas covered We describe key players involved in regulating inorganic phosphate homeostasis and their differential role in healthy people and different stages of CKD. CongoRed The contribution of paracellular and transcellular intestinal absorptive mechanisms are also examined. Finally, we illuminate recent therapeutic approaches for hyperphosphatemia in CKD. We searched PubMed/Medline (up to November 2019) using the following terms chronic kidney disease, dialysis, diet, hyperphosphatemia, NaPi2b, nicotinamide, phosphate binder, secondary hyperparathyroidism, tenapanor and vascular calcification.Expert opinion The precise mechanisms regulating intestinal phosphate absorption in humans is not completely understood. However, it is now established that this process involves two independent pathways a) active transport (i.e. transcellular route, via specific ion transporters) and inactive transport (i.e. paracellular route across tight junctions). Dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate-binder use can lead to an undesirable maladaptive increase in phosphate uptake and promote active phosphate transport by increased expression of the gastrointestinal sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, NaPi2b. Nicotinamide may overcome these limitations through the inhibition of NaPi2b, by improved efficacy and reduced phosphate binder use and better compliance.Introduction Priapism is prolonged penile erection in the absence of sexual arousal or desire and is a devastating condition affecting millions of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) globally. Available drug treatments for SCD-related priapism remain limited and have been primarily reactive rather than preventive. Hence, there is an unmet need for new drug targets and pharmacologic therapies.Areas covered We examine the molecular mechanisms underlying SCD-associated priapism evaluated mostly in animal models. In mouse models of SCD, molecular defects of priapism operating at the cavernous tissue level include reduced tonic NO/cGMP signaling, elevated oxidative/nitrosative stress, vascular adhesion molecule derangements, excessive adenosine and opiorphin signaling, dysregulated vasoconstrictive RhoA/ROCK signaling, and testosterone deficiency. We discuss the consequences of downregulated cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) activity in response to these molecular signaling derangements, as the main effector mechanism causing unrestrained cavernous tissue relaxation that results in priapism.Expert opinion Basic science studies are crucial for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of SCD-associated priapism. Understanding the molecular mechanisms could unearth new therapeutic targets for this condition based on these mechanisms. Treatment options should aim to improve deranged erection physiology regulatory signaling to prevent priapism and potentially restore or preserve erectile function.PURPOSE Precision oncology depends on the matching of tumor variants to relevant knowledge describing the clinical significance of those variants. We recently developed the Clinical Interpretations for Variants in Cancer (CIViC; civicdb.org) crowd-sourced, expert-moderated, and open-access knowledgebase. CIViC provides a structured framework for evaluating genomic variants of various types (eg, fusions, single-nucleotide variants) for their therapeutic, prognostic, predisposing, diagnostic, or functional utility. CIViC has a documented application programming interface for accessing CIViC records assertions, evidence, variants, and genes. Third-party tools that analyze or access the contents of this knowledgebase programmatically must leverage this application programming interface, often reimplementing redundant functionality in the pursuit of common analysis tasks that are beyond the scope of the CIViC Web application. METHODS To address this limitation, we developed CIViCpy (civicpy.org), a software development kit for extracting and analyzing the contents of the CIViC knowledgebase.