Steensenmckinley7065

Bone strength, quantified as the maximum force in the force-displacement curve, was evaluated. The results were compared to a previously established nonlinear tetrahedral FE approach as well as to the experimentally measured bone strength. The voxel-based FE model predicted the experimental bone strength very well both for healthy (R2 = 0.90, RMSE = 0.88 kN) and metastatic femurs (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.64 kN). The model precision and accuracy were very similar to the ones obtained with the tetrahedral model (R2 = 0.90/0.93, RMSE = 0.90/0.64 kN for intact/metastatic respectively). The more intuitive voxel-based meshes thus quantified macroscale femoral strength equally well as state-of-the-art tetrahedral models. The robustness, high level of automation and time-efficiency ( less then 30 min) of the implemented workflow offer great potential for developing FE models to improve fracture risk prediction in clinical practice. © 2020 The Authors.Osteoporosis (OP) is a major disease that affects 200 million people worldwide. Fatty acid metabolism plays an important role in bone health and plays an important role in bone quality and remodeling. Increased bone marrow fat quantity has been shown to be associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), which is used to predict fracture risk. Chemical-Shift Encoded magnetic resonance imaging (CSE-MRI) allows noninvasive and quantitative assessment of adipose tissues (AT). The aim of our study was to assess hip or proximal femoral bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), thigh muscle (MUS), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in 128 OP subjects matched for age, BMD, weight and height with different degrees of fracture risk assessed through the FRAX score (low, moderate and high). Our results showed an increase in BMAT and in MUS in high compared to low fracture risk patients. We also assessed the relationship between fracture risk as assessed by FRAX and AT quantities. Overall, the results of this study suggest that assessment of adipose tissue via 3T CSE-MRI provides insight into the pathophysiology fracture risk by showing differences in the bone marrow and muscle fat content in subjects with similarly osteoporotic BMD as assessed by DXA, but with varying degrees of fracture risk as assessed by FRAX. © 2020 The Authors.Experiments at the interface of quantum optics and chemistry have revealed that strong coupling between light and matter can substantially modify the chemical and physical properties of molecules and solids. While the theoretical description of such situations is usually based on nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics, which contains quadratic light-matter coupling terms, it is commonplace to disregard these terms and restrict the treatment to purely bilinear couplings. In this work, we clarify the physical origin and the substantial impact of the most common quadratic terms, the diamagnetic and self-polarization terms, and highlight why neglecting them can lead to rather unphysical results. Specifically, we demonstrate their relevance by showing that neglecting these terms leads to the loss of gauge invariance, basis set dependence, disintegration (loss of bound states) of any system in the basis set limit, unphysical radiation of the ground state, and an artificial dependence on the static dipole. LDN193189 Besides providing important guidance for modeling of strongly coupled light-matter systems, the presented results also indicate conditions under which those effects might become accessible. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.Introduction B-mode ultrasound (US) technology is an integral part of diagnosing and assessing risk stratification of thyroid nodules (TNs). The addition of shear wave elastography and three-dimensional (3D) US imaging may improve risk stratification for thyroid cancer (TC). Materials and Methods The patient was evaluated in our clinic with US imaging including B-mode, shear wave elastography, 3D-US, and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Laboratory measurements were performed at LabCorp. The patient gave informed consent. Case A 20-year-old female referred for hypothyroidism who was on levothyroxine 25µg daily. Her thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was 3.870 (0.45-4.5 µIU/mL). Thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody were elevated, suggestive of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Her thyroid ultrasongraph showed a heterogeneous thyroid gland with a hypoechoic TN in the right lobe measuring 9.2 × 8.9 × 9 mm. Shear wave elastography examination was suggestive of a hard TN. The shear wave velocity (SWV) much better with 3D-US. This is a preliminary report, and more studies need to be done. Conclusion Adding SWE and 3D-US technology to B-mode US may enhance our ability for risk stratification for TN before FNAB. 3D-US may improve our ability to visualize the margins of TN. No competing financial interests exist. Runtime of video 2 mins 5 secs. © Ghobad Azizi et al. 2020; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.Recombinase-activating gene-1 (RAG1)-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients lack B and T lymphocytes due to the inability to rearrange immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. Gene therapy is an alternative for those RAG1-SCID patients who lack a suitable bone marrow donor. We designed lentiviral vectors with different internal promoters driving codon-optimized RAG1 to ensure optimal expression. We used Rag1 -/- mice as a preclinical model for RAG1-SCID to assess the efficacy of the various vectors. We observed that B and T cell reconstitution directly correlated with RAG1 expression. Mice with low RAG1 expression showed poor immune reconstitution; however, higher expression resulted in phenotypic and functional lymphocyte reconstitution comparable to mice receiving wild-type stem cells. No signs of genotoxicity were found. Additionally, RAG1-SCID patient CD34+ cells transduced with our clinical RAG1 vector and transplanted into NSG mice led to improved human B and T cell development. Considering this efficacy outcome, together with favorable safety data, these results substantiate the need for a clinical trial for RAG1-SCID. © 2020 The Authors.