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In high fidelity simulation used in an educational context, measuring the psychological safety levels of students enables the understanding and analysis of the relation between the characteristics of simulation design and the factors that create a psychologically safe environment.

To develop a new measurement of psychological safety in simulation-based learning settings using high fidelity manikins and to validate its reliability and validity.

This is a methodological study to develop a scale of Psychological Safety in High Fidelity Simulation. A convenience sample of 242 participants recruited from four universities in Korea was analyzed. The content validity of the scale and feasibility test were conducted to assess the scale's relevance, and comprehensiveness. An exploratory factor analysis with the principal component method and a varimax rotation, a concurrent validity analysis, and known group comparisons were conducted. Reliability was evaluated through the scale's internal consistency.

Four faelity Simulation scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the psychological safety of nursing students during high fidelity simulation. The scale reflects the nature of psychological safety based on the elements of simulation education and measures the degree to which specific guidance is useful for nursing educators fostering psychological safety in students.

The standardized training system for newly graduated registered nurses (NGRNs) in China is different from that of other countries in the world, especially when frequent disasters occur, emergency department (ED) training is particularly important. However, the work experience of new Chinese nurses in standardized training in the emergency department still remained unclear.

To explore the experience of newly recruited nurses in standardized training in the emergency department.

Qualitative research.

A 3rd level hospital in Shanghai, China.

Fifteen NGRNs undergoing standardized training in the ED.

Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted between August and September 2020. Colaizzi seven-step framework was applied for data analysis.

Three main themes emerged high occupational pressure, competency enhancement in ED and high satisfaction with standard training.

It is very important and necessary for NGRNs to have a training period in the emergency department. This not only helps NGRNs to improve their abilities in emergency care, but also reserve talents during emergency responses. At the same time, the training methods for NGRNs should be refined and improved, and effective support should be provided. This can help NGRNs relieve from work pressure, better and rapidly adapt to the clinical environment and enter the nursing role.

It is very important and necessary for NGRNs to have a training period in the emergency department. Curcumin analog Compound C1 This not only helps NGRNs to improve their abilities in emergency care, but also reserve talents during emergency responses. At the same time, the training methods for NGRNs should be refined and improved, and effective support should be provided. This can help NGRNs relieve from work pressure, better and rapidly adapt to the clinical environment and enter the nursing role.Ultrasound (US) and basic electrolyzed water (BEW) are considered emerging technologies; however, few studies have addressed the combination of both technologies in emulsified meat products. This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined effect of US (25 kHz; 175 W; 20 min) and BEW (pH 10.99; -92.33 mV) on the microbiological and oxidative profile of low-sodium mortadellas (30% of NaCl reduction) stored for 90 days at 5 °C. The use of BEW alone increased the pH and reduced the redox potential of mortadellas, while the US did not affect these parameters. The combined application of US and BEW reduced the lactic acid bacteria counts by up to 0.36 log CFU/g. In addition, BEW stimulated the growth of lipolytic bacteria. The treatments subjected to US application alone showed a lower growth rate of lipolytic bacteria, lower lipid and protein oxidation, and higher ΔE* values. Therefore, the application of US and BEW may be a promising strategy to improve the microbiological and oxidative quality of mortadella during storage.

A huge number of COVID-19 patients should be referred to rehabilitation programmes. Individualizing the exercise intensity by metabolic response provide good physiological results. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of EMG as a non-invasive determinant of the anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point, for more precise exercise intensity prescription.

An observational cross-sectional study with 66 recovered COVID-19 patients was carried out. The patients underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test with simultaneous assessment of muscle electromyography in vastus lateralis. EMG breakpoints were analyzed during the ramp-up protocol. The first and second EMG breakpoints were used for anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point determination.

EMG and gas exchange analysis presented strong correlation in anaerobic threshold (r=0.97, p<0.0001) and respiratory compensation point detection (r=0.99, p<0.0001) detection. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a bias=-4.7W (SD=6.2W, limits of agreement=-16.9 to 7.6) for anaerobic threshold detection in EMG compared to gas exchange analysis. In respiratory compensation point detection, Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a bias=-2.1W (SD=4.5W, limits of agreement=-10.9 to 6.6) in EMG compared to gas exchange analysis. EMG demonstrated a small effect size compared to gas exchange analysis in oxygen uptake and power output at anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point detection.

EMG analysis detects anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point without clinical significant difference than gas exchange analysis (gold standard method) in recovered COVID-19 patients.

EMG analysis detects anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point without clinical significant difference than gas exchange analysis (gold standard method) in recovered COVID-19 patients.