Starrbengtson5403

lationships or competing interests to disclose.

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To investigate whether long-term glycemic variability (GV) is associated with vascular complication development in type 2 diabetes.

In a post hoc FIELD trial analysis, GV was calculated as the standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV) of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose. Baseline variables were compared across quartiles of on-study variability by chi square and ANOVA. Prospective associations between baseline to 2-year GV and subsequent vascular and mortality outcomes were analyzed using landmark logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Baseline factors associated with higher on-study GV included younger age, male gender, longer diabetes duration, and higher pharmacological therapies usage. Both HbA1c and fasting glucose CV were associated with increased risk of microvascular complications (HR 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.03] P < 0.01; and HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.01] P < 0.001, respectively). HbA1c and fasting glucose CV were associated with increased cardiovascular disease (HR 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.04]; and HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.02], both P < 0.05). HbA1c CV associated with increased stroke (HR 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.06) P < 0.01). Glucose CV associated with increased coronary events (HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.02] P < 0.05). Both HbA1c and glucose CV associated with increased total mortality (HR 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.06]; and HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.02], both P < 0.001) and noncardiovascular mortality (HR 1.05 [95% CI, (1.03-1.07]; and HR 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.03], both P < 0.001). HbA1c CV associated with coronary mortality (HR 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.07] P < 0.05).

Long-term GV was associated with increased risk of vascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

Long-term GV was associated with increased risk of vascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed health care delivery worldwide. Although decreases in hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been reported during the pandemic, the implication for in-hospital outcomes is not well understood.

To define changes in AMI case rates, patient demographics, cardiovascular comorbidities, treatment approaches, and in-hospital outcomes during the pandemic.

This cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed AMI hospitalizations that occurred between December 30, 2018, and May 16, 2020, in 1 of the 49 hospitals in the Providence St Joseph Health system located in 6 states (Alaska, Washington, Montana, Oregon, California, and Texas). The cohort included patients aged 18 years or older who had a principal discharge diagnosis of AMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]). Segmented regression analysis was performed to assess changes in weekly case volumes. Cases we later COVID-19 periods. Future studies are needed to identify contributors to the increased mortality rate among patients with STEMI.

Several studies have highlighted the role of host-microbiome interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), resulting in an increasing amount of data mainly focusing on Western patients. Because of the increasing prevalence of IBD in newly industrialized countries such as those in Asia, the Middle East, and South America, there is mounting interest in elucidating the gut microbiota of these populations. We present a comprehensive analysis of several IBD-related biomarkers and gut microbiota profiles and functions of a unique population of patients with IBD and healthy patients from Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia).

Blood and fecal IBD biomarkers, serum cytokines, and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were profiled. Finally, fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S and whole-genome shotgun sequencing.

Fecal microbiota whole-genome sequencing confirmed the presence of classic IBD dysbiotic features at the phylum level, with increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria and decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia. At the genus level, the abundance of both fermentative (SCFA-producing and hydrogen (H2)-releasing) and hydrogenotrophic (H2-consuming) microbes was affected in patients with IBD. This imbalance was confirmed by the decreased abundance of SCFA species in the feces of patients with IBD and the change in anaerobic index, which mirrors the redox status of the intestine.

click here how IBD-related dysbiotic microbiota-which are generally mainly linked to SCFA imbalance-may affect other important metabolic pathways, such as H2 metabolism, that are critical for host physiology and disease development.

Our analyses highlighted how IBD-related dysbiotic microbiota-which are generally mainly linked to SCFA imbalance-may affect other important metabolic pathways, such as H2 metabolism, that are critical for host physiology and disease development.Disruption of chromatin structure due to epimutations is a leading genetic etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as chromatinopathies. We show that there is an increasing level of convergence from the high diversity of genes that are affected by mutations to the molecular networks and pathways involving the respective proteins, the disrupted cellular and subcellular processes, and their consequence for higher order cellular network function. This convergence is ultimately reflected by specific phenotypic features shared across the various chromatinopathies. Based on these observations, we propose that the commonly disrupted molecular and cellular anomalies might provide a rational target for the development of symptomatic interventions for defined groups of genetically distinct neurodevelopmental disorders.Studies have shown that the number of microbes in humans is almost 10 times that of cells. These microbes have been proven to play an important role in a variety of physiological processes, such as enhancing immunity, improving the digestion of gastrointestinal tract and strengthening metabolic function. In addition, in recent years, more and more research results have indicated that there are close relationships between the emergence of the human noncommunicable diseases and microbes, which provides a novel insight for us to further understand the pathogenesis of the diseases. An in-depth study about the relationships between diseases and microbes will not only contribute to exploring new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases but also significantly heighten the efficiency of new drugs development. However, applying the methods of biological experimentation to reveal the microbe-disease associations is costly and inefficient. In recent years, more and more researchers have constructed multiple computational models to predict microbes that are potentially associated with diseases. Here, we start with a brief introduction of microbes and databases as well as web servers related to them. Then, we mainly introduce four kinds of computational models, including score function-based models, network algorithm-based models, machine learning-based models and experimental analysis-based models. Finally, we summarize the advantages as well as disadvantages of them and set the direction for the future work of revealing microbe-disease associations based on computational models. #link# We firmly believe that computational models are expected to be important tools in large-scale predictions of disease-related microbes.

Although emerging evidence indicates a relation between maternal intake of fish and improved child neurodevelopment, the results are inconsistent.

This study investigated whether dietary consumption of fish during pregnancy is associated with offspring neurodevelopment at age 6 mo and 1 y. As exploratory research, we also examined the association between consumption of PUFAs and neurodevelopment at the same time points.

After exclusion and multiple imputation from a dataset comprising 104,065 records from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, we evaluated 81,697 and 77,751 mother-child pairs at age 6 mo and 1 y, respectively.

Maternal fish intake during pregnancy was independently associated with reduced risk of delay in problem-solving at age 6 mo (lowest compared with highest quintile OR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.79, 0.99; P-trend=0.01) and in fine motor skills (highest quintile OR=0.90; 95% CI 0.81, 0.99; P-trend=0.02) and problem-solving (fourth quintile OR=0.89; 95% CI 0.81, 0.98; and highest quintiration UMIN000030786.

Cognitive health expectancy estimates the proportion of the lifespan that is lived in good cognitive health at the population level. A number of cardiovascular diseases have been identified to be risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia including diabetes, stroke, heart diseases and hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine how these cardiovascular conditions relate to cognitive health expectancy.

Longitudinal data were obtained from the US Health and Retirement Study. Multistate modelling was used to estimate total life expectancy (LE), cognitive impairment free life expectancy (CIFLE) and years spent with cognitive impairment (CILE) across self-reported diabetes, hypertension, heart problems and stroke. Individual and cumulative effects of multiple cardiovascular conditions were examined.

The presence of cardiovascular disease was associated with a 5- to 9-year decrease in LE and 4- to 8-year decrease in CIFLE at age 55. The outcomes varied in a hierarchical fashion by cardiovascular cnitive health expectancy.The estimation of the human ankle's mechanical impedance is an important tool for modeling human balance. link2 This work presents the implementation of a parameter-estimation approach based on the State-Augmented Extended Kalman Filter (AEKF) to infer the human ankle's mechanical impedance during quiet standing. However, the AEKF Filter is sensitive to the initialization of the noise covariance matrices. In order to avoid a time consuming trial-and-error method and to obtain a better estimation performance, an algorithm based on Genetic Algorithms (GA) is proposed for tuning the measurement noise Rk and process noise covariances Q of the Extended Kalman filter (EKF). Results using simulated data show the ef?cacy of the proposed algorithm for parameter-estimation of a third-order biomechanical model. An experimental test with real data on human subjects is also presented. The results suggest that age is a factor that influences human balance capability.Tendon injuries increase with age, yet the age-associated changes in tendon properties remain unexplained. Decorin and biglycan are two matrix proteoglycans that play complex roles in regulating tendon formation, maturation, and aging, most notably in extracellular matrix assembly and maintenance. However, the roles of decorin and biglycan have not been temporally isolated in a homeostatic aged context. link3 The goal of this work was to temporally isolate and define the roles of decorin and biglycan in regulating aged murine patellar tendon mechanical properties. We hypothesized that decorin would have a larger influence than biglycan on aged tendon mechanical properties and that biglycan would have an additive role in this regulation. When decorin and biglycan were knocked down in aged tendons, minimal changes in gene expression were observed, implying that these models directly define the role of decorin and biglycan in regulating tendon mechanical properties. Knockdown of decorin or biglycan led to minimal changes in quasi-static mechanical properties.