Starktaylor1633

We also use experimental auction bids to estimate the price elasticity of demand for e-cigarettes, finding that a 10% increase in price results in a 5.6% reduction in quantity demanded. VE-822 inhibitor This suggests e-cigarette demand is less price sensitive than some earlier studies have found. While a tax on e-cigarettes can still be an effective tool for reducing e-cigarette demand, the reduction in demand may be smaller than some earlier studies would suggest. The effectiveness of tube and sonotrode reactors for the sonication of sewage sludge under identical conditions was compared for the first time. Despite the considerable structural differences, sonication with each ultrasonic reactor led to an accelerated degradation rate and an increased methane production within the first five days for the majority of the sewage sludge samples tested. On closer examination, however, it becomes clear that the investigated sonication systems are not equally suitable for the substrates considered. While the use of a sonotrode proved to be particularly advantageous for the treatment of waste activated sludge (+25% methane yield at 300 kJ/kgTS), the use of a 2-inch tube reactor achieved the highest enhancement for low-intensity sonication in digested sludge (+22% methane yield at 300 kJ/kgTS). With increasing energy input, more chemical oxygen demand was solubilized, but this did not result in an increase in methane yield for all samples. Sonication of waste activated sludge led to a significant reduction in viscosity of up to 50%, and a reduction of up to 60% was observed after sonication of digested sludge with low energy inputs. The study, therefore, demonstrates that the choice of the most suitable sonication system essentially depends on the properties of the sludge to be sonicated. We report a new soft template method for the synthesis of unique polyaniline (PANI) films with microporous structures. In this process, ultrasonication is used to foam an electrolyte solution containing a surfactant, which is subsequently employed as a soft template for PANI growth via the electrochemical polymerization of aniline. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that the resulting PANI films contain numerous micropores. These microporous PANI films exhibit faster charging (doping) and discharging (dedoping) current responses compared to ordinary flat films of the same material. In paper production industry, microbial contaminations of process waters are common and can cause damage to paper products and equipment as well as the occurrence of pathogens in the end products. Chlorine omission has led to the usage of costly reagents and products of lower mechanical quality. In this study, we have tested a rotation generator equipped with two sets of rotor and stator assemblies to generate developed cavitation (unsteady cloud shedding with pressure pulsations) or supercavitation (a steady cavity in chocked cavitation conditions) for the destruction of a persistent bacteria Bacillus subtilis. Our results showed that only supercavitation was effective and was further employed for the treatment of waters isolated from an enclosed water recycle system in a paper producing plant. The water quality was monitored and assessed according to the chemical (COD, redox potential and dissolved oxygen), physical (settleable solids, insolubles and colour intensity) and biological methods (yeasts, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, bacterial spores and moulds). After one hour of treatment, a strong 4 logs reduction was achieved for the anaerobic sulphate reducing bacteria and for the yeasts; a 3 logs reduction for the aerobic bacteria; and a 1.3 logs reduction for the heat resistant bacterial spores. A 22% reduction in COD and an increase in the redox potential (37%) were observed. Sediments were reduced by 50% and the insoluble particles by 67%. For bacterial destruction in real industrial process waters, the rotation generator of supercavitation spent 4 times less electrical energy in comparison to the previously published cavitation treatments inside the Venturi constriction design. BACKGROUND Children with probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD) experience motor problems that negatively influence their self-perceptions and increase the risk to develop overweight due to physical inactivity. Whether overweight in children with pDCD has an additional impact on their self-perceptions is unclear. Insight in this impact would provide vital information for diagnostics and interventions to enhance physical activity in children with pDCD and overweight. AIMS Investigate differences in self-perceptions between children with pDCD and overweight (pDCD-O), children with pDCD without overweight (pDCD-NO), and typically developing children (TD). METHODS AND PROCEDURES A total of 366 children (188 boys/178 girls), aged between 7 and 13 years, participated in this study. Thirteen children were categorized as pDCD-O, 51 children as pDCD-NO, and 302 children as TD. Self-perceptions were assessed with the Self-Perception Profile for Children. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Children with pDCD-O perceived themselves lower in social acceptance than children with pDCD-NO and TD children. Children with pDCD-NO perceived themselves lower in athletic competence than TD children, but not than children with pDCD-O. No differences were found for perceived physical appearance and global self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Overweight has an additional negative impact on perceived social acceptance in children with pDCD. PURPOSE Current research suggests that supported employment for people with developmental disabilities offers significantly higher rates of employment, personal satisfaction, and employer satisfaction. This study focuses on tensions experienced by employment support professionals while working with employers regarding employment for persons with developmental disabilities. These tensions experienced by employment support professionals is an area that is currently under researched and needs further exploration. METHOD In-depth interviews and focus group sessions were conducted with employment support professionals (n = 34) from a variety of organizations in two Canadian provinces. Theoretical sampling was used to recruit study participants. Data were thematically analysed, informed by a grounded theory approach. RESULTS Four main themes emerged (i) Hire for capabilities, not pity, (ii) The bottom line profit versus moral code, (iii) Education and concerns about accommodations and costs, and (iv) Pros and cons of incentives.