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Individuals with PTSD+SUD randomized to COPE (n = 39) or RPT (n = 43) provided weekly measurements of PTSD and SUD. Across COPE and RPT, earlier trauma age predicted reduced SUD improvement (B = -0.01, standard error = 0.00). Trauma count did not predict changes in PTSD or SUD during or following treatment. These findings suggest that excluding individuals from exposure-based, integrated treatments on the basis of trauma characteristics is not empirically supported. However, individuals with earlier trauma ages may require additional or unique clinical attention to improve their SUD outcomes. Risk of complications from specific classes of drugs for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) can be kept low by respecting contraindications. Patients with IBD frequently develop serious infections resulting from the disease itself or its treatment. At the time of diagnosis, patients' vaccination calendars should be updated according to IBD guidelines-live vaccines should be postponed for patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Opportunistic infections should be detected and the vaccine against pneumococcus should be given before patients begin immunosuppressive therapy. Thiopurines promote serious viral infections in particular, whereas tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists promote all types of serious and opportunistic infections. Severe forms of varicella can be prevented by vaccinating seronegative patients against varicella zoster virus. Detection and treatment of latent tuberculosis is mandatory before starting anti-TNF therapy and other new IBD drugs. Tofacitinib promotes herpes zoster infection in a dose- and age-dependent manner. Physicians should consider giving patients live vaccines against herpes zoster before they begin immunosuppressive therapy or a recombinant vaccine, when available, at any time point during treatment. The risk of thiopurine-induced lymphomas can be lowered by limiting the use of thiopurines in patients who are seronegative for Epstein-Barr virus (especially young men) and in older men. The risk of lymphoma related to monotherapy with anti-TNF agents is still unclear. There are no robust data on the carcinogenic effects of recently developed IBD drugs. For patients with previous cancer at substantial risk of recurrence, physicians should try to implement a pause in the use of immunosuppressive therapy (except in patients with severe disease and no therapeutic alternative) and prioritize use of IBD drugs with the lowest carcinogenic effects. Finally, sun protection and skin surveillance from the time of diagnosis are recommended. OBJECTIVES To translate the voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) questionnaire into Danish and to test the validity and reliability of this Danish version of the V-RQOL instrument. METHODS The translation process was done using forward and backward translation followed by pretesting interviews, performed on 21 participants. The final Danish version was then tested for validity and reliability on 80 cases with voice disorders and 21 controls without voice disorders. RESULTS The Danish version proved to be valid and reliable. Validity was confirmed by convergent and discriminant validity, known-groups validity, clinical validity (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.64), confirmatory factor analysis, and Rasch analysis. The instrument showed no ceiling effects, but all items and the Social-Emotional domain showed substantial floor effects. The item-total correlations were all high (0.58-0.82) and none of the interitem correlations were low. Reliability was confirmed with regard to internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.92) and test-retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient 0.89). CONCLUSION Our study shows that the Danish translation of the V-RQOL questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument suitable for the assessment of the dysphonic patient. The high floor effects, however, indicate that minor differences in voice problems between patients may not be captured in the lower end of the scale with regard to the individual item and the Social-Emotional domain. To assist radiologists in breast cancer classification in automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) imaging, we propose a computer-aided diagnosis based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) that classifies breast lesions as benign and malignant. The proposed CNN adopts a modified Inception-v3 architecture to provide efficient feature extraction in ABUS imaging. Because the ABUS images can be visualized in transverse and coronal views, the proposed CNN provides an efficient way to extract multiview features from both views. The proposed CNN was trained and evaluated on 316 breast lesions (135 malignant and 181 benign). An observer performance test was conducted to compare five human reviewers' diagnostic performance before and after referring to the predicting outcomes of the proposed CNN. Our method achieved an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.9468 with five-folder cross-validation, for which the sensitivity and specificity were 0.886 and 0.876, respectively. Compared with conventional machine learning-based feature extraction schemes, particularly principal component analysis (PCA) and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), our method achieved a significant improvement in classification performance. The proposed CNN achieved a >10% increased AUC value compared with PCA and HOG. During the observer performance test, the diagnostic results of all human reviewers had increased AUC values and sensitivities after referring to the classification results of the proposed CNN, and four of the five human reviewers' AUCs were significantly improved. The proposed CNN employing a multiview strategy showed promise for the diagnosis of breast cancer, and could be used as a second reviewer for increasing diagnostic reliability. The epidemic of increasing fatty liver disease and liver cancer worldwide, and especially in Western society, has given new importance to non-invasive liver imaging. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using microbubble contrast agents provides unique advantages over computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the currently established methods. CEUS provides determination of malignancy and allows excellent differential diagnosis of a focal liver mass, based on arterial phase enhancement patterns and assessment of the timing and intensity of washout. Today, increased use of CEUS has provided safe and rapid diagnosis of incidentally detected liver masses, improved multidisciplinary management of nodules in a cirrhotic liver, facilitated ablative therapy for liver tumors and allowed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma without biopsy. Benefits of CEUS include the dynamic real-time depiction of tumor perfusion and the fact that it is a purely intravascular agent, accurately reflecting tumoral and inflammatory blood flow. CEUS has many similarities to contrast-enhanced CT and MRI but also unique differences, which are described. The integration of CEUS into a multimodality imaging setting optimizes patient care. The OH induced cellulose degradation was examined by analyzing the reaction products of Fenton's regents with cellobiose. Many degradation products including C2-C5 compounds such as oxaldehyde, malonaldehyde and 2-hydroxysuccinaldehyde were detected by GCMS analysis. Four reaction pathways for the formation of some degradation products were obtained from ReaxFF kinetics simulation and validated by the DFT quantum chemistry calculation at B3LYP/6-31+g(d,p) level. It was found that the H-abstraction from OH of the glucose unit by OH can cause saccharide ring open and breakage of the glycosidic bond. Pathways 1-4 showed that the glucose unit can react with OH consecutively to produce small molecular products with carbon atoms less than 6. This study indicated that ReaxFF reaction kinetics is a powerful tool for the exploration of the degradation mechanism of cellulose induced by OH at room temperature, which correlated well with the experimental results and was validated by DFT calculation. Light is a major factor in promoting food aging and deterioration, especially for ultraviolet (UV) light. Herein, bioinspired dopamine-melanin solid nanoparticles with strong absorption at a wide range of 200-2500 nm were first incorporated into alginate/polyvinyl alcohol to fabricate film materials in this work for UV-vis block, and this also brings excellent thermal insulating properties to the materials. In addition, in order to obtain a material with excellent performance, particles of uniform size of about 100 nm are obtained by fractional centrifugation. It was found the mechanical, UV-vis block and thermal insulating properties were improved significantly compared with the control samples. This study provides a strategy to design a non-polluting, biodegradable, biocompatible film with excellent mechanical properties that can be used in UV-vis barriers and has potential applications in thermal insulating materials for food preservation. Cellulose is a promising and advantageous material because it is low-cost, abundant and biodegradable. Nonetheless, dealing with this material is extremely challenging because cellulose cannot dissolve in most solvents or melt at any temperature or pressure in the air owing to strong hydrogen-bonding networks. In this work, a surface selective dissolution with shear force process was proposed to prepare cellulose films with high strength from microcrystalline cellulose powders. The tensile strength reached 94 MPa and the thermal decomposition temperature improved by 64 °C compared with that of regenerated cellulose. A mechanism of surface dissolution and reconnection was proposed to explain the process. The outstanding mechanical property attributes to tight reconnection of the undissolved cores via dissolved surfaces in cellulose powders, and the improved thermal decomposition temperature is due to preserved cellulose Ⅰ crystalline structure of microcrystalline cellulose. We believe that this cost-effective and facile method holds promise for industrial-scaleproduction of cellulose materials. selleck inhibitor In this research, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was synthesized from cotton waste using controlled hydrolysis against 64 % (w/w) sulfuric acid solution. The produced nanoparticles were then characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DLS analyses. Biaxial electrospinning technique was used to produce CNC incorporated PCL-PVA/NaAlg nanofibers. The sodium alginate portion was then crosslinked via submerging the samples in calcium chloride aqueous solution. The CNC incorporated and crosslinked sample was characterized using SEM, FTIR, and TGA techniques. Results confirmed the presence of CNC nanoparticles and alginate crosslinking reaction. Mechanical studies showed that CNC incorporation increases the tensile modulus by 65 %. Also, the crosslinked samples exhibited an increase in elongation at break. Water contact angle studies suggested that CNC incorporation and crosslinking improves nanofiber hydrophilicity. Cell viability of more than 90 % was observed in CNC incorporated PCL-CaAlg nanofibers. Also, SEM images of cells on nanofiber scaffolds showed better cell growth and attachment in PCL-CaAlg-CNC samples.